View source for Sulfur

{{Elementbox
|name=sulfur
|number=16
|symbol=S
|left=[[phosphorus]]
|right=[[chlorine]]
|above=[[oxygen|O]]
|below=[[selenium|Se]]
|series=nonmetal
|series comment=
|group=16
|period=3
|block=p
|series color=
|phase color=
|appearance=Lemon yellow crystals.
|image name=sulfur.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=32.065
|atomic mass 2=5
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[neon|Ne]]&#93; 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>4</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 6
|color=
|phase=solid
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=(alpha) 2.07
|density gpcm3nrt 2=(beta) 1.96
|density gpcm3nrt 3=(gamma) 1.92
|density gpcm3mp=1.819
|melting point K=388.36
|melting point C=115.21
|melting point F=239.38
|boiling point K=717.8
|boiling point C=444.6
|boiling point F=832.3
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=1314
|critical point MPa=20.7
|heat fusion=(mono) 1.727
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=(mono) 45
|heat capacity=22.75
|vapor pressure 1=375
|vapor pressure 10=408
|vapor pressure 100=449
|vapor pressure 1 k=508
|vapor pressure 10 k=591
|vapor pressure 100 k=717
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=orthorhombic
|oxidation states='''6''', 5, '''4''', 3, ''' 2''', [[Disulfur dichloride|1]], -1, -2
|oxidation states comment=strongly [[acid]]ic oxide
|electronegativity=2.58
|number of ionization energies=4
|1st ionization energy=999.6
|2nd ionization energy=2252
|3rd ionization energy=3357
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=[[1 E-10 m|105±3]]
|Van der Waals radius=[[1 E-10 m|180]]
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]<ref name=magnet>{{cite book| url = http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | title = Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics| publisher = CRC press| isbn = 0849304814| year = 2000}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=(amorphous)<br />2&times;10<sup>15</sup>
|thermal conductivity=(amorphous)<br />0.205
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=7.7
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=2.0
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=7704-34-9
|EC number=231-722-6
|isotopes=
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=32 | sym=S | na=95.02% | n=16 }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=33 | sym=S | na=0.75% | n=17 }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=34 | sym=S | na=4.21% | n=18 }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=35 | sym=S | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|87.32 d]] | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.167 | pn=35 | ps=[[chlorine|Cl]] }}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=36 | sym=S | na=0.02% | n=20 }}
|isotopes comment=
}}
'''Sulfur''' or '''sulphur''' ({{pron-en|ˈsʌlfər}}, [[#Spelling and etymology|see spelling below]]) is the [[chemical element]] that has the [[atomic number]] 16. It is denoted with the symbol '''S'''. It is an abundant, [[Valence (chemistry)|multivalent]] [[non-metal]]. Sulfur in its native form is a yellow [[crystal]]line solid. In [[nature]], it can be found as the pure element and as [[sulfide]] and [[sulfate]] minerals. It is an essential element for life and is found in two [[amino acid]]s, [[cysteine]] and [[methionine]]. Its commercial uses are primarily in [[fertilizer]]s, but it is also widely used in black [[gunpowder]], [[match]]es, [[insecticide]]s and [[fungicide]]s. Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their brightly colored [[polyhedron]] shapes. In nonscientific context it can also be referred to as ''brimstone''.


==References==
{{reflist}}
Leslie KS, Millington GWM, Levell NJ. (2004) Sulphur and skin: from Satan to Saddam! J Cosm Dermatol 3: 94-98.

==External links==
{{Commons|Sulfur}}
* [http://library.tedankara.k12.tr/chemistry/vol2/allotropy/z129.htm Sulfur phase diagram]
* [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/S/index.html WebElements.com&nbsp;– Sulfur]
* [http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/s.html chemicalelements.com/sulfur]
* [http://www.stromboli.net/perm/vulcano/sulphur-vulcano-en.html Crystalline, liquid and polymerization of sulphur on Vulcano Island, Italy]
* [http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/sulfur.htm Sulfur and its use as a pesticide]
* [http://www.sulphurinstitute.org/ The Sulphur Institute]

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[[Category:Chalcogens]]
[[Category:Chemical elements]]
[[Category:Sulfur|*]]

{{Imported from Wikipedia|name=Sulfur|id=306705518}}