View source for Functional class nomenclature

'''Functional class nomenclature''', also called '''radicofunctional nomenclature''', is a type of [[chemical nomenclature]] used for [[organic compound]]s.<ref>{{BlueBook1993|pages=14–15}}.</ref> It is similar in principle to the [[compositional nomenclature]] used for [[inorganic compound]]s.<ref>{{RedBook2005|pages=68–82}}.</ref> Examples of functional class names include "[[methyl alcohol]]" and "[[acetic anhydride]]".<ref name="BlueBook04">{{BlueBook2004|pages=47–50}}.</ref>

Functional class nomenclature was once widely used for organic compounds, but it has steadily been superceded by [[substitutive nomenclature]].<ref name="BlueBook04"/> It remains the usual method of naming [[N-oxide|''N''-oxides]] and other ''N''-chalcogenides, [[acid anhydride]]s, [[ester]]s, and [[acyl halide]]s and pseudohalides, and is often used for other [[functional class]]es such as [[azine]]s, [[oxime]]s, [[hydrazone]]s, [[semicarbazone]]s, [[carbohydrazone]]s, [[acetal]]s, and [[hemiacetal]]s.<ref name="BlueBook04"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rule
! Class name
! Notes
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_730.htm C-103.1]<br/>R-5.3.1
| fluoride<br/>chloride<br/>bromide<br/>iodide
|
|-
| R-5.3.3.2
| oxide
| for azoxy compounds
|-
| R-5.3.4
| azide
|
|-
| R-5.4.3
| imine
| functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound
|-
| R-5.4.5
| oxide
| for amine oxides
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_202.htm C-201.3]<br/>R-5.5.1.1
| alcohol
| not used for phenols
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_390.htm C-511.5]
| hydrosulfide
| "mercaptan" is not recommended, but widely used
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_227.htm C-211.3]<br/>R-5.5.4.2
| ether<br/>sulfide<br/>selenide<br/>telluride
| 
|-
| R-5.5.4.4
| oxide
| functional modifier for oxiranes, added after name of alkene
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_245.htm C-218]<br/>R-5.5.5
| hydroperoxide<br/>peroxide
|
|-
| R-5.5.6
| hydropolysulfide<br/>polysulfide
| and chalcogen analogues; "poly" is replaced by "di", "tri" etc.
|-
| R-5.5.7
| sulfoxide<br/>sulfone<br/>selenoxide<br/>selenone
|
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_267.htm C-312.2]<br/>R-5.6.2.1
| ketone
|
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_298.htm C-331.1]<br/>R-5.6.4.1
| acetal<br/>ketal
| and chalcogen analogues
|-
| R-5.6.4.2
| hemiacetal
| and chalcogen analogues
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm R-5.6.6.1]
| oxime
| functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_620.htm C-922.1]<br/>[http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm R-5.6.6.2]
| hydrazone
| functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_623.htm C-923.1]<br/>[http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm R-5.6.6.3]
| [[azine]]
| functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_676.htm C-982.1]<br/>[http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_469.htm R-5.6.6.4]
| semicarbazone<br/>thiosemicarbazone<br/>selenosemicarbazone
| functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_363.htm C-463]<br/>R-5.7.4.2
| ''see text''
| for esters use name of anion
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_380.htm C-481.1]<br/>R-5.7.6
| fluoride<br/>chloride<br/>bromide<br/>iodide
| functional modifiers for acyl halides, added after name of acyl group
|-
| [http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_383.htm C-491]<br/>R-5.7.7.1
| anhydride
| functional modifier, replaces "acid" for symmetrical acid anhydrides
|-
| R-5.7.7.3
| thioanhydride
| functional modifier, replaces "acid" for symmetrical acid thioanhydrides
|-
| R-5.7.9.1
| cyanide
|
|-
| R-5.7.9.2
| isocyanide<br/>cyanate<br/>isocyanate<br/>fulminate<br/>thiocyanate<br/>isothiocyanate<br/>selenocyanate<br/>isoselenocyanate
| "isonitrile" and "carbylamine" have been used for isocyanide, but are not recommended
|-
| R-5.7.9.3
| oxide
| functional modifier for nitrile oxides, added after name of nitrile
|-
| R-5.8.2
| cation
| 
|-
| R-5.8.3
| anion
| 
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Chemical nomenclature]]

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