View source for Isobutanol

{{chembox
|   Name = Isobutanol
|   ImageFile = Isobutanol.png
<!-- | ImageSize = 150px -->
|   ImageName = Isobutanol
|   ImageFile1 = Isobutanol-3D-vdW.png
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 100px  -->
|   ImageName1 = Isobutanol
|   IUPACName = 2-Methylpropan-1-ol
|   OtherNames = Isobutyl alcohol, IBA,<br/>2-Methylpropyl alcohol
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   InChI = 1/C4H10O/c1-4(2)3-5/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3
|   StdInChI = 1S/C4H10O/c1-4(2)3-5/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3
|   InChIKey = ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYAQ
|   StdInChIKey = ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|   CASNo = 78-83-1
|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
|   EC-number = 201-148-0
|   ChemSpiderID = 6312
|   RTECS = NP9625000
|   SMILES = CC(C)CO
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Reference = <ref name="ICSC">{{ICSC-ref|01|13|name=Isobutanol|date=April 2005}}.</ref>
|   Formula = C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O
|   MolarMass = 74.122 g/mol
|   Appearance = colorless liquid
|   Density = 0.802 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, liquid
|   Solubility = limited solubility
|   MeltingPt = -108 °C (165 K)
|   BoilingPt = 108 °C (381 K)
|   pKa =
|   Viscosity = 3.95 cP at 20 ºC
|   RefractIndex = 1.3959
|   LogP = 0.8
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   Reference = <ref name="ICSC"/><ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=603-108-00-1|page=493}}</ref><ref>{{PGCH-ref|0352|name=Isobutyl alcohol}}.</ref>
|   ExternalMSDS = {{ICSC-small|01|13}}
|   EUIndex = 603-108-00-1
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS02|Flam. Liq. 3}}{{GHS05|Eye Dam. 1}}{{GHS07|Skin Irrit. 2; STOT SE 3}}
|   GHSSignalWord = DANGER
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|335|315|318|336}}
|   FlashPt = 28 °C (82 ºF)
|   Autoignition = 415 ºC (779 ºF)
|   ExploLimits = 1.7–10.9%
|   PEL = 100 ppm TWA
|   IDLH = 1600 ppm
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherFunctn = [[Butan-1-ol]]<br/>[[Butan-2-ol]]<br/>[[2-Methylpropan-2-ol]]
|    Function = [[butanol]]s
|   OtherCpds = [[Isobutyraldehyde]]<br/>[[Isobutyric acid]]
  }}
}}
'''Isobutanol''' ([[IUPAC nomenclature]]: '''2-methylpropan-1-ol'''; also known as '''2-methylpropyl alcohol''', among other names) is a colorless, flammable, [[organic compound]] with a characteristic smell. Its [[isomer]]s are [[N-Butanol|''n''-butanol]], [[2-butanol]], and [[Tert-Butanol|''tert''-butanol]]. It is classified as an [[alcohol]], and, as such, it is widely used as a solvent in  [[chemical reaction]]s, as well as being a useful starting material for [[organic synthesis]].

Isobutanol is produced naturally during the fermentation of carbohydrates. It may also be a by-product of the decay process of organic matter.

==Applications==
*feedstock in the manufacture of [[isobutyl acetate]], which is used in the production of [[lacquer]] and similar [[coating]]s, and in the food industry as a [[flavouring|flavouring agent]]
*in the industrial synthesis of derivative esters; [[isobutyl]] [[ester]]s such as [[diisobutyl phthalate]] (DIBP) are used as plasticizer agents in plastics, rubbers, and other dispersions
*as paint solvent
*as varnish remover
*as ink
*as paint additive, to reduce [[viscosity]]
*as paint additive, to improve brush flow
*as paint additive, to retard the formation of oil residues (''blush'') on painted surfaces
*as gasoline additive, to reduce [[carburetor icing]]
*as additive to automotive polish
*as additive to automotive paint cleaner
*as a chemical extractant in production of organic compounds
*as a mobile phase in [[Chromatography#Thin layer chromatography .28TLC.29|thin layer chromatography]].

Isobutanol could possibly serve as an alternative to gasoline to fuel combustion engines, and it is being studied by companies such as Gevo for this use.<ref>{{citation | first = William | last = Pentland | title = Beyond Ethanol | url = http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/19/innovation-ethanol-fuel-tech-innovation08-cx_wp_0319innovation.html | publisher = Forbes | date = 2008-03-20 | accessdate = 2009-08-31}}.</ref>

==Safety==
Isobutanol is a [[volatility|volatile]], flammable liquid that should be stored and used in well-ventilated areas. It is moderately irritating to the skin and greatly irritating to the eyes, [[mucous membrane]]s, and respiratory tract. Exposure to high concentrations of its vapour can cause temporary [[narcosis]].

Isobutanol is considered to be slightly toxic and it has been shown to cause [[liver]] damage in mice and humans. Ingestion may also lead to [[alcohol poisoning]].

In March 2009 the [[Canada|Canadian]] government announced its ban of isobutanol in [[cosmetics]].<ref>{{citation | title = Cosmetic Chemicals Banned in Canada | journal = Chem. Eng. News | volume = 87 | issue = 11  | date = 2009-03-16 | page = 38}}.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{citation | first = William | last = Pentland | webpage = Beyond Ethanol | url = http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/19/innovation-ethanol-fuel-tech-innovation08-cx_wp_0319innovation.html | website = Forbes | date = 2008-03-20 | accessdate = 2009-08-31}}.

==External links==
{{Commons|Butanol}}
*{{ICSC|01|13}}
*{{PGCH|0352}}
*{{EHC|65|name=Butanols: four isomers}}
*{{HSG|009|name=Isobutanol|number=9}}

[[Category:Alcohols]]

{{Imported from Wikipedia|name=Isobutanol|id=301418086}}