Difference between revisions of "Perbromate"

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A '''perbromate''' is a [[salt]] or [[ester]] of [[perbromic acid]]. Perbromates, including perbromic acid,<ref group=note>[[Perbromic acid]] is fully dissociated in solution. By analogy with [[perchloric acid]], the solid HBrO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O is expected to contain [(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>H]<sup>+</sup>[BrO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>.</ref> are the only well-characterized compounds of bromine in the +7 [[oxidation state]].
 
A '''perbromate''' is a [[salt]] or [[ester]] of [[perbromic acid]]. Perbromates, including perbromic acid,<ref group=note>[[Perbromic acid]] is fully dissociated in solution. By analogy with [[perchloric acid]], the solid HBrO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O is expected to contain [(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>H]<sup>+</sup>[BrO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>.</ref> are the only well-characterized compounds of bromine in the +7 [[oxidation state]].
  
Perbromates are thermodynamically more oxidizing than [[perchlorate]]s or [[periodate]]s, and eluded preparation for more than 100&nbsp;years until 1968.<ref name="1st">{{citation | title = The Synthesis of Perbromates | first = Evan H. | last = Appelman | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1968 | volume = 90 | issue = 7 | pages = 1900–1 | doi = 10.1021/ja01009a040}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=1020–22}}.</ref><ref name="C&W">{{Cotton&Wilkinson5th|pages=568–69}}.</ref> However, they are kinetically quite inert, especially in dilute solution.<ref name="G&E"/><ref name="C&W"/>
+
Perbromates are thermodynamically more oxidizing than [[perchlorate]]s or [[periodate]]s, and eluded preparation for more than 100&nbsp;years until 1968.<ref name="1st">{{citation | title = The Synthesis of Perbromates | first = Evan H. | last = Appelman | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1968 | volume = 90 | issue = 7 | pages = 1900–1 | doi = 10.1021/ja01009a040}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=1020–22}}.</ref><ref name="C&W">{{Cotton&Wilkinson5th|pages=568–69}}.</ref> However, they are kinetically quite inert, especially in dilute solution.<ref name="G&E"/><ref name="C&W"/><ref>{{citation | title = Electron-transfer reactions between the perbromate ion and iron(II) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine and substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines | first1 = A. M. | last1 = Kjaer | first2 = J. | last2 = Ulstrup | journal = Inorg. Chem. | year = 1982 | volume = 21 | issue = 9 | pages = 3490–94 | doi = 10.1021/ic00139a044}}.</ref>
  
 
==Notes and references==
 
==Notes and references==
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*{{citation | title = Preparation of an alkyl perbromate | first1 = Kurt | last1 = Baum | first2 = Charles D. | last2 = Beard | first3 = Vytautas | last3 = Grakauskas | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1975 | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 267–68 | doi = 10.1021/ja00835a005}}.
 
*{{citation | title = Preparation of an alkyl perbromate | first1 = Kurt | last1 = Baum | first2 = Charles D. | last2 = Beard | first3 = Vytautas | last3 = Grakauskas | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1975 | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 267–68 | doi = 10.1021/ja00835a005}}.
 
*{{citation | inventor1-last = Baum | inventor1-first = Kurt | inventor2-last = Beard | inventor2-first = Charles D. | inventor3-last = Grakaukas | inventor3-first = Vitautas | assignee = U.S. Dept. of the Navy | title = Preparation of alkyl perbromates | country-code = US | patent-number = 4022811 | publication-date = 1977-10-05}}.
 
*{{citation | inventor1-last = Baum | inventor1-first = Kurt | inventor2-last = Beard | inventor2-first = Charles D. | inventor3-last = Grakaukas | inventor3-first = Vitautas | assignee = U.S. Dept. of the Navy | title = Preparation of alkyl perbromates | country-code = US | patent-number = 4022811 | publication-date = 1977-10-05}}.
 +
*{{citation | first = Ernest H. | last = Cook | title = Effect of heat on iodates and bromates. I. Potassic iodate and bromate | journal = J. Chem. Soc., Trans. | year = 1894 | volume = 65 | pages = 802–14 | doi = 10.1039/CT8946500802}}.
 +
*{{citation | first1 = G. M. | last1 = Bancroft | first2 = H. D. | last2 = Gesser | title = The search for perbromate—I: The thermal decomposition of bromates | journal = J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. | year = 1965 | volume = 27 | issue = 7 | pages = 1545–56 | doi = 10.1016/0022-1902(65)80016-1}}.
 +
*{{citation | first = Hermann | last = Kämmerer | journal = J. Prakt. Chem. | year = 1863 | volume = 90 | pages = 190 | doi = 10.1002/prac.18630900126}}. {{citation | first = Hermann | last = Kaemmerer | title = Studien über die Sauerstoffverbindungen der Halogene | journal = Ann. Phys. (Berlin) | volume = 214 | issue = 11 | pages = 390–417 | year = 1869 | doi = 10.1002/andp.18692141104}}.
 +
*{{citation | first = M. M. | last = Pattison Muir | title = Note on the perbromates | journal = J. Chem. Soc. | year = 1876 | volume = 30 | page = 469 | doi = 10.1039/JS8763000469}}.
 +
*{{citation | first = Guido | last = Wolfram | title = Ueber die Darstellung der Perbromsäure | journal = Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. | year = 1879 | volume = 198 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 95–98 | doi = 10.1002/jlac.18791980107}}.
 +
*{{citation | first = Z. Z., Jr. | last = Hugus | title = The Possible Use of 4f Orbitals in Bonding: the Enhanced Stability of the Higher Oxidation States of Iodine, Tellurium and Antimony; the Non-existence of Perbromic Acid | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1952 | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 1076–77 | doi = 10.1021/ja01124a502}}.
 +
*{{citation | first = D. S. | last = Urch | title = The perbromate problem | journal = J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. | year = 1963 | volume = 25 | issue = 7 | pages = 771–78 | doi = 10.1016/0022-1902(63)80360-7}}.
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

Revision as of 21:13, 4 January 2011

Perbromate
Other names Tetraoxidobromate(1−)
Identifiers
InChI InChI=1/BrHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)/p-1
InChIKey LLYCMZGLHLKPPU-REWHXWOFAT
Standard InChI InChI=1S/BrHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)/p-1
Standard InChIKey LLYCMZGLHLKPPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CAS number [16474-32-1]
ChemSpider 4574125
Structure[1]
Molecular geometry r(Br–O) = 161 pm
Related compounds
Other anions Perchlorate
Periodate
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

A perbromate is a salt or ester of perbromic acid. Perbromates, including perbromic acid,[note 1] are the only well-characterized compounds of bromine in the +7 oxidation state.

Perbromates are thermodynamically more oxidizing than perchlorates or periodates, and eluded preparation for more than 100 years until 1968.[2][3][4] However, they are kinetically quite inert, especially in dilute solution.[3][4][5]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. Perbromic acid is fully dissociated in solution. By analogy with perchloric acid, the solid HBrO4·2H2O is expected to contain [(H2O)2H]+[BrO4].

References

  1. Levason, William; Ogden, J. Steven; Spicer, Mark D.; Young, Nigel A. Characterisation of the oxo-anions of bromine BrOx (x = 1–4) by infrared, Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance, and bromine K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1990 (1), 349–53. DOI: 10.1039/DT9900000349.
  2. Appelman, Evan H. The Synthesis of Perbromates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90 (7), 1900–1. DOI: 10.1021/ja01009a040.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 1020–22. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1988; pp 568–69. ISBN 0-471-84997-9.
  5. Kjaer, A. M.; Ulstrup, J. Electron-transfer reactions between the perbromate ion and iron(II) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine and substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines. Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21 (9), 3490–94. DOI: 10.1021/ic00139a044.

Further reading

External links

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