Difference between revisions of "Aluminium phosphate"
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{{chembox | {{chembox | ||
| verifiedrevid = 322322441 | | verifiedrevid = 322322441 | ||
| − | | | + | | ImageFile = Fosforečnan hlinitý.PNG |
| − | | ImageSize = | + | | ImageSize = |
| ImageName = Aluminum phosphate | | ImageName = Aluminum phosphate | ||
| − | | OtherNames = Aluminium monophosphate<br/>Phosphoric acid, aluminum salt (1:1) | + | | OtherNames = Aluminium monophosphate<br/>Phosphoric acid, aluminum salt (1:1)<br/>[[Berlinite]] |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | ||
| InChI = 1/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3/rAlO4P/c2-6-3-1(4-6)5-6 | | InChI = 1/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3/rAlO4P/c2-6-3-1(4-6)5-6 | ||
| − | | | + | | InChIKey = ILRRQNADMUWWFW-ITXURHEJAW |
| − | | | + | | StdInChI = 1S/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3 |
| − | | CASNo = 7784-30-7 | + | | StdInChIKey = ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
| − | | | + | | CASNo = 7784-30-7 |
| + | | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}} | ||
| ChemSpiderID = 21172744 | | ChemSpiderID = 21172744 | ||
| PubChem = 64655 | | PubChem = 64655 | ||
| RTECS = TB6450000 | | RTECS = TB6450000 | ||
| + | | EC-number = 232-056-9 | ||
| + | | ATCCode_prefix = A02 | ||
| + | | ATCCode_suffix = AB03 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| + | | Reference = <ref>{{RubberBible62nd|page=B-74}}.</ref> | ||
| Formula = AlPO<sub>4</sub> | | Formula = AlPO<sub>4</sub> | ||
| − | | MolarMass = 121. | + | | MolarMass = 121.95 g/mol |
| Appearance = white, crystalline powder | | Appearance = white, crystalline powder | ||
| Density = 2.566 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid | | Density = 2.566 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid | ||
| Solubility = insoluble | | Solubility = insoluble | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = | + | | SolubleOther = soluble in mineral acids |
| − | | MeltingPt = | + | | MeltingPt = >1500 °C |
| BoilingPt = decomposes | | BoilingPt = decomposes | ||
| − | | RefractIndex = 1.546 | + | | RefractIndex = 1.546 |
}} | }} | ||
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| − | | | + | | ExternalMSDS = {{ICSC-small|1538}} |
| − | | | + | | EUIndex = not listed |
| − | | | + | | FlashPt = non-flammable |
| − | | | + | | LD50 = 4640mg/kg (rat, oral) <br/> > 4640 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal) |
| − | + | }} | |
| − | + | | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | |
| − | + | | OtherCations = [[Gallium phosphate]]<br/>[[Indium phosphate]] | |
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Aluminium phosphate''' ( | + | '''Aluminium phosphate''' (AlPO<sub>4</sub>) is a [[chemical compound]]. It is used in cake mixes and in some [[baking powder]]s as a leavening agent to help baked goods rise. Medicinally it is used as an [[antacid]]. |
It is also used industrially as a high-temperature dehydrating agent. When heated to decomposition, aluminium phosphate decomposes into [[aluminium oxide]] and [[phosphorus pentoxide]], the latter of which is very effective at absorbing water.<ref>http://www.spipharma.com/downloads/Products/AntacidActives/Specialty_Products/AlPhosphateMSDS.pdf, Aluminum phosphate MSDS, SPI Pharma</ref><ref>http://www.nithyasrichemicals.com/aluminium-based-products.html, Aluminium Based Products at Nithyasri Chemicals]</ref> Phosphorus pentoxide may be useful in a number of applications including the production of [[ketene]] from [[acetic acid]], although this process is rather dangerous and may yield a significant amount of byproducts.<ref>http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12694, Sciencemadness thread "Aluminum phosphate decomposition" </ref> | It is also used industrially as a high-temperature dehydrating agent. When heated to decomposition, aluminium phosphate decomposes into [[aluminium oxide]] and [[phosphorus pentoxide]], the latter of which is very effective at absorbing water.<ref>http://www.spipharma.com/downloads/Products/AntacidActives/Specialty_Products/AlPhosphateMSDS.pdf, Aluminum phosphate MSDS, SPI Pharma</ref><ref>http://www.nithyasrichemicals.com/aluminium-based-products.html, Aluminium Based Products at Nithyasri Chemicals]</ref> Phosphorus pentoxide may be useful in a number of applications including the production of [[ketene]] from [[acetic acid]], although this process is rather dangerous and may yield a significant amount of byproducts.<ref>http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12694, Sciencemadness thread "Aluminum phosphate decomposition" </ref> | ||
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In coastal areas of [[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]], the combination of exceedingly old soils and a high input of phosphate from very fertile oceans due to the [[Benguela Current]] causes aluminium phosphate to accumulate to form a concentrated mineral, known as '''aluminium phosphate rock'''. Only in recent years has there been any interest in the mining of these considerable deposits as a source of phosphorus for [[agriculture]], but there could be considerable economic value if low-cost treatment becomes possible. | In coastal areas of [[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]], the combination of exceedingly old soils and a high input of phosphate from very fertile oceans due to the [[Benguela Current]] causes aluminium phosphate to accumulate to form a concentrated mineral, known as '''aluminium phosphate rock'''. Only in recent years has there been any interest in the mining of these considerable deposits as a source of phosphorus for [[agriculture]], but there could be considerable economic value if low-cost treatment becomes possible. | ||
| − | The mineral form of aluminium phosphate, berlinite, is rarely found in the nature. It possess quartz-like structure, which makes these | + | The mineral form of aluminium phosphate, [[berlinite]], is rarely found in the nature. It possess quartz-like structure, which makes these two minerals often hard to distinguish by standard laboratory methods (such as [[X-Ray powder diffraction]]) |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 57: | Line 62: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| − | * | + | *{{ICSC|1538}} |
| + | *{{EHC|194|name=Aluminium}} | ||
| + | *{{HSDB|name=Aluminum compounds}} | ||
| + | *{{JEFCA-mono|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v024je07.htm | name=Aluminium | whoseries=24}} | ||
{{Antacids}} | {{Antacids}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:05, 28 November 2009
| Aluminium phosphate | |
|---|---|
| |
| Other names | Aluminium monophosphate Phosphoric acid, aluminum salt (1:1) Berlinite |
| Identifiers | |
| InChI | InChI=1/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3/rAlO4P/c2-6-3-1(4-6)5-6 |
| InChIKey | ILRRQNADMUWWFW-ITXURHEJAW |
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3 |
| Standard InChIKey | ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| RTECS | TB6450000 |
| ATC code | A02 |
| ChemSpider | |
| PubChem | |
| Properties[1] | |
| Chemical formula | AlPO4 |
| Molar mass | 121.95 g/mol |
| Appearance | white, crystalline powder |
| Density | 2.566 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point |
>1500 °C |
| Boiling point |
decomposes |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| Solubility | soluble in mineral acids |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.546 |
| Hazards | |
| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) | ICSC |
| EU index number | not listed |
| Flash point | non-flammable |
| LD50 | 4640mg/kg (rat, oral) > 4640 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal) |
| Related compounds | |
| Other cations | Gallium phosphate Indium phosphate |
| Template:Tick(what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) is a chemical compound. It is used in cake mixes and in some baking powders as a leavening agent to help baked goods rise. Medicinally it is used as an antacid.
It is also used industrially as a high-temperature dehydrating agent. When heated to decomposition, aluminium phosphate decomposes into aluminium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide, the latter of which is very effective at absorbing water.[2][3] Phosphorus pentoxide may be useful in a number of applications including the production of ketene from acetic acid, although this process is rather dangerous and may yield a significant amount of byproducts.[4]
Occurrence
Although it is unstable to heat, in geologically stable regions like Australia and Southern Africa, alumiunium phosphate is generally the most common form of phosphorus in soils, as it forms when phosphate in rainwater reacts with dissolved aluminium in the soil. Although it is not as insoluble as many other components of soils in those regions, aluminium phosphate can form exceedingly insoluble double salts known as taranakites with many essential elements for plant growth that are normally highly soluble in water, such as potassium and nitrogen.
In coastal areas of South Africa and Namibia, the combination of exceedingly old soils and a high input of phosphate from very fertile oceans due to the Benguela Current causes aluminium phosphate to accumulate to form a concentrated mineral, known as aluminium phosphate rock. Only in recent years has there been any interest in the mining of these considerable deposits as a source of phosphorus for agriculture, but there could be considerable economic value if low-cost treatment becomes possible.
The mineral form of aluminium phosphate, berlinite, is rarely found in the nature. It possess quartz-like structure, which makes these two minerals often hard to distinguish by standard laboratory methods (such as X-Ray powder diffraction)
References
- ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; p B-74. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
- ↑ http://www.spipharma.com/downloads/Products/AntacidActives/Specialty_Products/AlPhosphateMSDS.pdf, Aluminum phosphate MSDS, SPI Pharma
- ↑ http://www.nithyasrichemicals.com/aluminium-based-products.html, Aluminium Based Products at Nithyasri Chemicals]
- ↑ http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12694, Sciencemadness thread "Aluminum phosphate decomposition"
- ↑ Ibid
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1538
- IPCS Environmental Health Criteria 194: Aluminium
- NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank entry for Aluminum compounds
- FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) monograph: Aluminium (WHO Food Additives Series 24)
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