Difference between revisions of "American Chemical Society"
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| name = American Chemical Society | | name = American Chemical Society | ||
| image = American Chemical Society logo.svg | | image = American Chemical Society logo.svg |
Latest revision as of 14:40, 7 March 2010
American Chemical Society | |
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200 px | |
Formation | 1876 |
Headquarters | Washington, DC |
Location | United States |
Membership | 160,000 |
Official languages | English |
President | Thomas H. Lane |
Key people | Madeline Jacobs (CEO) |
Website | http://www.acs.org/ |
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has over 160,000 members at all degree-levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related fields.
The ACS is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry, plus dozens of smaller conferences in specific fields. Its publications division produces several scholarly journals including the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The primary source of income of the ACS is the Chemical Abstracts Service and its publications. Chemical & Engineering News is the weekly news magazine published by the American Chemical Society and is sent to all members. The ACS membership is organized into 189 geographical Local Sections and 33 Technical Divisions.
The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code.
Contents
Origins
The American Chemical Society had its origins in 35 chemists who met on 6 April 1876, at the University Building in the New York University (titled "University of the City of New York" at that time; its name was officially changed in 1896).[1] Although at that time there was an American science society (American Association for the Advancement of Science), the growth of chemistry prompted those assembled, including William H. Nichols, under the direction of Professor Charles F. Chandler of the Columbia School of Mines, to found the American Chemical Society, which would focus more directly on theoretical and applied chemistry. The society, Chandler said, would “prove a powerful and healthy stimulus to original research, … would awaken and develop much talent now wasting in isolation, … [bring] members of the association into closer union, and ensure a better appreciation of our science and its students on the part of the general public.”
A formal vote for organization was taken, a constitution was adopted, and officers were selected. Chandler was an obvious choice as president since he had been instrumental in establishing the society. However, he felt that New York University Professor John William Draper had the reputation as a scientist to lead a national organization. At the age of 65, Draper was elected as the first president of the American Chemical Society and the headquarters was located in New York. Draper’s presidency was important more due to his name and reputation than his active participation in the society.
Educational activities
The American Chemical Society sponsors the United States National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO), a contest used to select the four-member team that represents the United States at the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO). The ACS Division of Chemical Education provides standardized tests for various subfields of chemistry. The two most commonly-used tests are the undergraduate-level tests for general and organic chemistry. Each of these tests consists of 70 multiple-choice questions, and gives students 120 minutes to complete the exam.
The American Chemical Society grants membership to undergraduates as student affiliates provided they can pay the $70 yearly dues. Any university may start its own chapter of the Student Affiliates of the American Chemical Society (SAACS) and receive benefits of undergraduate participation in regional conferences and discounts on ACS publications.
The ACS also approves certified undergraduate programs in chemistry. A student who completes the required laboratory and course work--sometimes in excess of what a particular college may require for its Bachelor's degree--is considered by the Society to be well trained for professional work.[2]
Controversies
Pre-web
The ACS and Dialog engaged in suit-countersuit actions in the early 1990s over the use of scientific information.[3]
Opposition to PubChem
The ACS has been criticized for opposing the creation of PubChem, which is an open access chemical compound database maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The ACS raised concerns that the publicly supported PubChem database appears to directly compete with their existing Chemical Abstracts Service.[4] The ACS has a strong financial interest in the issue since the Chemical Abstracts Service generates a large percentage of the society's revenue. To advocate their position against the PubChem database, ACS has actively lobbied the US Congress. They are reported to have paid the lobbying firm Hicks Partners LLC at least $100,000 in 2005 to try to persuade congressional members, the NIH, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) against establishing a publicly funded database. They also were reported to have spent $180,000 to hire Wexler & Walker Public Policy Associates to promote the 'use of [a] commercial database.' In a May 23, 2005, press release, the ACS stated:
- The ACS believes strongly that the Federal Government should not seek to become a taxpayer supported publisher. By collecting, organizing, and disseminating small molecule information whose creation it has not funded and which duplicates CAS services, NIH has started ominously, down the path to unfettered scientific publishing...
Stance against open access
The journal Nature reported that ACS had hired a public relations firm, Dezenhall Resources, to try to halt the open access movement.[1] Scientific American later reported that ACS had spent over $200,000 to hire Wexler & Walker Public Policy Association to lobby against open access.[2]
Google lawsuit
An ACS lawsuit against Google, over Google Scholar, was settled out of court in 2006.[5]
Excessive executive compensation
In 2004 when the current executive director of the ACS, Madeleine Jacobs, assumed her position it included the use of two Cadillac town cars and a chauffeur that her predecessor, John Crum, had acquired.[6] Jacobs auctioned off the cars and let go of the chauffeur.
In 2007 Madeline Jacobs was reported to receive a salary of over $800,000 US per year.[7] The salaries of the ACS executives (executive director, treasurer, and secretary) are decided by the Standing Committee on Executive Compensation which is composed of the "president, the immediate past president, the chair of the society committee on budget and finance, and two members of the society with demonstrated expertise in senior and executive staff compensation."[8]
Journals and magazines
- Accounts of Chemical Research
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- ACS Chemical Biology
- ACS Nano
- ACS Chemical Neuroscience
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Bioconjugate Chemistry
- Biomacromolecules
- Chemical & Engineering News
- Chemical Research in Toxicology
- Chemical Reviews
- Chemistry of Materials
- Crystal Growth & Design
- Energy & Fuels
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
- Journal of Chemical Education (Division of Chemical Education)
- Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (formerly Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences)
- Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
- Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Journal of Natural Products—Copublished with the Am. Soc. of Pharmacognosy
- Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
- Journal of Physical Chemistry A
- Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Journal of Proteome Research
- Langmuir
- Macromolecules Journal
- Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Nano Letters
- Organic Letters
- Organic Process Research & Development
- Organometallics
ACS presidents
- 2010 Joseph Francisco
- 2009 Tomas H. Lane
- 2008 Bruce Bursten
- 2007 Catherine T. (Katie) Hunt
- 2006 Elizabeth Ann Nalley
- 2005 William F. Carroll, Jr.
- 2004 Charles P. Casey
- 2003 Elsa Reichmanis
- 2002 Eli M. Pearce
- 2001 Attila E. Pavlath
- 2000 Daryle H. Busch
- 1999 Edel Wasserman
- 1998 Paul H. L. Walter
- 1997 Paul S. Anderson
- 1996 Ronald Breslow
- 1995 Brian M. Rushton
- 1994 Ned D. Heindel
- 1993 Helen M. Free
- 1992 Ernest L. Eliel
- 1991 S. Allen Heininger
- 1990 Paul G. Gassman
- 1989 Clayton F. Callis
- 1988 Gordon L. Nelson
- 1987 Mary L. Good
- 1986 George C. Pimentel
- 1985 Ellis K. Fields
- 1984 Warren D. Niederhauser
- 1983 Fred Basolo
- 1982 Robert W. Parry
- 1981 Albert C. Zettlemoyer
- 1980 James D. D`Ianni
- 1979 Gardner W. Stacy
- 1978 Anna J. Harrison
- 1977 Henry A. Hill
- 1976 Glenn T. Seaborg
- 1975 William J. Bailey
- 1974 Bernard S. Friedman
- 1973 Alan C. Nixon
- 1972 Max Tishler
- 1971 Melvin Calvin
- 1970 Byron Riegel
- 1969 Wallace R. Brode
- 1968 Robert W. Cairns
- 1967 Charles G. Overberger
- 1966 William J. Sparks
- 1965 Charles C. Price
- 1964 Maurice H. Arveson
- 1963 Henry Eyring
- 1962 Karl Folkers
- 1961 Arthur C. Cope
- 1960 Albert L. Elder
- 1959 John C. Bailar, Jr.
- 1958 Clifford F. Rassweiler
- 1957 Roger J. Williams
- 1956 John C. Warner
- 1955 Joel H. Hildebrand
- 1954 Harry L. Fisher
- 1953 Farrington Daniels
- 1952 Edgar C. Britton
- 1951 N. Howell Funnan
- 1950 Ernest H. Volwiler
- 1949 Linus Pauling
- 1948 Charles A. Thomas
- 1947 W. Albert Noyes, Jr.
- 1946 Bradley Dewey
- 1945 Carl S. Marvel
- 1944 Thomas Midgley, Jr.
- 1943 Per K. Frolich
- 1942 Harry N. Holmes
- 1941 William Lloyd Evans
- 1940 Samuel C. Lind
- 1939 Charles A. Kraus
- 1938 Frank C. Whitmore
- 1937 Edward R. Weidlein
- 1936 Edward Bartow
- 1935 Roger Adams
- 1934 Charles L. Reese
- 1933 Arthur B. Lamb
- 1932 L. V. Redman
- 1931 Moses Gomberg
- 1930 William McPherson
- 1929 Irving Langmuir
- 1928 Samuel W. Parr
- 1927 George D. Rosengarten
- 1926 James F. Norris
- 1925 James F. Norris
- 1924 Leo H. Baekeland
- 1923 Edward C. Franklin
- 1922 Edgar Fahs Smith
- 1921 Edgar Fahs Smith
- 1920 William A. Noyes
- 1919 William H. Nichols
- 1918 William H. Nichols
- 1917 Julius Stieglitz
- 1916 Charles H. Herty
- 1915 Charles H. Herty
- 1914 Theodore W. Richards
- 1913 Arthur D. Little
- 1912 Arthur D. Little
- 1911 Alexander Smith
- 1910 Wilder D. Bancroft
- 1909 Willis R. Whitney
- 1908 Marston T. Bogert
- 1907 Marston T. Bogert
- 1906 William F. Hillebrand
- 1905 Francis P. Venable
- 1904 Arthur A. Noyes
- 1903 John H. Long
- 1902 Ira Remsen
- 1901 Frank W. Clarke
- 1900 William McMurtrie
- 1899 Edward W. Morley
- 1898 Charles E. Munroe
- 1897 Charles B. Dudley
- 1896 Charles Benjamin Dudley
- 1895 Edgar Fahs Smith
- 1894 Harvey W. Wiley
- 1893 Harvey W. Wiley
- 1892 George C. Caldwell
- 1891 George F. Barker
- 1890 Henry B. Nason
- 1889 Charles F. Chandler
- 1888 T. Sterry Hunt
- 1887 Charles A. Goessmann
- 1886 Albert B. Prescott
- 1885 James C. Booth
- 1884 James C. Booth
- 1883 James C. Booth
- 1882 John W. Mallet
- 1881 Charles F. Chandler
- 1880 Frederick A. Genth
- 1879 T. Sterry Hunt
- 1878 Samuel W. Johnson
- 1877 J. Lawrence Smith
- 1876 John W. Draper
See also
- ACS style - the ACS citation standard.
- Association for Learned and Professional Society Publishers
- Chemists Celebrate Earth Day
References
- ↑ The American Chemical Society
- ↑ Undergraduate Professional Education in Chemistry 2008
- ↑ See this site for the date and this site for details.
- ↑ Kaiser J (May 2005). "Science resources. The society wanted the NIH to curtail database". Science 308 (5723): 774. doi:10.1126/science.308.5723.774a. PMID 15879180.
- ↑ See this site for details.
- ↑ Random Samples - Judicious spender.Science 3 September 2004, Vol. 305. no. 5689, p. 1399
- ↑ [http://www.idontcare.com/acs/ ACS/CAS Salaries for 1992-2007 at idontcare.com
- ↑ Constitution, Bylaws, and Regulations of the American Chemical Society, 2008
External links
- ACS website
- ACS Publications website
- Chemical & Engineering News
- ACS Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
- A Cauldron Bubbles: PubChem and the American Chemical Society (Information Today, June 2005)
- ACS Chemical Biology WIKI
- ACS Chemical Biology Community
- ACS Green Chemistry Institute
Template:Presidents of the American Chemical Society
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