Difference between revisions of "Titanate"
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| − | A '''titanate''' is a [[mixed oxide]] containing [[titanium]] in the +4 [[oxidation state]]. Titanates form with a wide variety of metals and differing stoichiometries (including [[non-stoichiometric compound]]s).<ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=1121–23}}.</ref> Although the terms '''orthotitanate''' and '''metatitanate''' have been used to refer to M<sub>''x''</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub> and M<sub>''x''</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> stoichiometries respectively, only [[barium orthotitanate]], Ba<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub>, contains discrete titanium [[oxoanion]]s.<ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{citation | first = J. A. | last = Bland | title = The crystal structure of barium orthotitanate, Ba<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub> | journal = Acta Crystallogr. | year = 1961 | volume = 14 | pages = 875–81 | doi = 10.1107/S0365110X61002527}}.</ref> The name "'''titanic acid'''" has sometimes been applied to hydrated [[titanium dioxide]]. | + | A '''titanate''' is a [[mixed oxide]] containing [[titanium]] in the +4 [[oxidation state]]. Titanates form with a wide variety of metals and differing stoichiometries (including [[non-stoichiometric compound]]s).<ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=1121–23}}.</ref> Although the terms '''orthotitanate''' and '''metatitanate''' have been used to refer to M<sub>''x''</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub> and M<sub>''x''</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> stoichiometries respectively, only [[barium orthotitanate]], Ba<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub>, contains discrete titanium [[oxoanion]]s.<ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{citation | first = J. A. | last = Bland | title = The crystal structure of barium orthotitanate, Ba<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub> | journal = Acta Crystallogr. | year = 1961 | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 875–81 | doi = 10.1107/S0365110X61002527}}.</ref> The name "'''titanic acid'''" has sometimes been applied to hydrated [[titanium dioxide]]. |
Many titanates, especially [[barium titanate]], BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, have been extensively studied for their [[Ferroelectricity|ferroelectric]] and [[Piezoelectricity|piezoelectric]] properties.<ref name="G&E"/> | Many titanates, especially [[barium titanate]], BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, have been extensively studied for their [[Ferroelectricity|ferroelectric]] and [[Piezoelectricity|piezoelectric]] properties.<ref name="G&E"/> | ||
==Structural types== | ==Structural types== | ||
| + | The titanates of bivalent cations, M<sup>II</sup>TiO<sub>3</sub>, can be divided into two structural types, which are shared by many other mixed oxides. | ||
| + | ;[[Ilmenite structure]]:With medium-sized cations, the type structure is that of [[ilmenite]], FeTiO<sub>3</sub>, with [[hexagonal close-packing]] of the oxide ions and one-third of the octahedral holes occupied by each of M<sup>2+</sup> and Ti<sup>4+</sup>. | ||
| + | ;[[Perovskite structure]]:With large cations, the type structure is that of [[perovskite]], CaTiO<sub>3</sub>: this can be viewed as a [[halite (structure)|halite]]-type lattice ([[cubic close-packing]]) of M<sup>2+</sup> and oxide ions, with the Ti<sup>4+</sup> ions sitting in octahedral holes formed only by oxide ions. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Titanates of the formula M{{su|p=II|b=2}}TiO<sub>4</sub> often adopt the [[spinel structure]] when M<sup>2+</sup> is medium sized. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:21, 19 September 2010
A titanate is a mixed oxide containing titanium in the +4 oxidation state. Titanates form with a wide variety of metals and differing stoichiometries (including non-stoichiometric compounds).[1] Although the terms orthotitanate and metatitanate have been used to refer to MxTiO4 and MxTiO3 stoichiometries respectively, only barium orthotitanate, Ba2TiO4, contains discrete titanium oxoanions.[1][2] The name "titanic acid" has sometimes been applied to hydrated titanium dioxide.
Many titanates, especially barium titanate, BaTiO3, have been extensively studied for their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.[1]
Structural types
The titanates of bivalent cations, MIITiO3, can be divided into two structural types, which are shared by many other mixed oxides.
- Ilmenite structure
- With medium-sized cations, the type structure is that of ilmenite, FeTiO3, with hexagonal close-packing of the oxide ions and one-third of the octahedral holes occupied by each of M2+ and Ti4+.
- Perovskite structure
- With large cations, the type structure is that of perovskite, CaTiO3: this can be viewed as a halite-type lattice (cubic close-packing) of M2+ and oxide ions, with the Ti4+ ions sitting in octahedral holes formed only by oxide ions.
Titanates of the formula MII2TiO4 often adopt the spinel structure when M2+ is medium sized.
See also
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 1121–23. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Bland, J. A. The crystal structure of barium orthotitanate, Ba2TiO4. Acta Crystallogr. 1961, 14 (8), 875–81. DOI: 10.1107/S0365110X61002527.
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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