Difference between revisions of "Bismuth bromide"
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| − | '''Bismuth bromide''', BiBr<sub>3</sub>, is the only well-characterized [[bromide]] of [[bismuth]]. It has a number of specialist uses.<ref name="Kirk-Othmer">{{Kirk-Othmer | first1 = S. D. | last1 = Ukeles | first2 = M. | last2 = Freiberg | contribution = Bromine, Inorganic Compounds | doi = 10.1002/0471238961.021815131001031 | year = 2002}}.</ref> | + | '''Bismuth bromide''', BiBr<sub>3</sub>, is the only well-characterized [[bromide]] of [[bismuth]]. It is formed by direct reaction of the elements.<ref>{{Cotton&Wilkinson5th|pages=391–93}}.</ref> The gas phase molecule is pyramidal, with ''r''(Bi–Br) = 256.7(5) pm and ''θ''(Br–Bi–Br) = 98.6(2)°.<ref>{{citation | first1 = György | last1 = Schultz | first2 = Mária | last2 = Kolonits | first3 = Magdolna | last3 = Hargittai | title = Molecular Structure of BiBr<sub>3</sub>: An Electron Diffraction Study | journal = Struct. Chem. | year = 1999 | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 321–25 | doi = 10.1023/A:1022130620414}}.</ref> It is dimorphic in the solid state, with the α-phase retaining pyramidal BiBr<sub>3</sub> units (mean ''r''(Bi–Br) = 266.3 pm) while the β-phase shows octahedral coordination for the bismuth (mean ''r''(Bi–Br) = 281 pm).<ref>{{citation | first1 = George A. | last1 = Fisher | first2 = Nicholas C. | last2 = Norman | title = The Structures of the Group 15 Element(III) Halides and Halogenoanions | journal = Adv. Inorg. Chem. | year = 1994 | volume = 41 | pages = 233–71 | doi = 10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60173-7}}.</ref> It has a number of specialist uses.<ref name="Kirk-Othmer">{{Kirk-Othmer | first1 = S. D. | last1 = Ukeles | first2 = M. | last2 = Freiberg | contribution = Bromine, Inorganic Compounds | doi = 10.1002/0471238961.021815131001031 | year = 2002}}.</ref> |
==Notes and references== | ==Notes and references== | ||
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*{{citation | first1 = Bernard | last1 = Boyer | first2 = El-Mehdi | last2 = Keramane | first3 = Jean-Pierre | last3 = Roque | first4 = André A. | last4 = Pavia | title = BiBr<sub>3</sub>, an efficient catalyst for the benzylation of alcohols: 2-phenyl-2-propyl, a new benzyl-type protecting group | journal = Tetrahedron Lett. | volume = 41 | issue = 16 | pages = 2891–94 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00304-X}}. | *{{citation | first1 = Bernard | last1 = Boyer | first2 = El-Mehdi | last2 = Keramane | first3 = Jean-Pierre | last3 = Roque | first4 = André A. | last4 = Pavia | title = BiBr<sub>3</sub>, an efficient catalyst for the benzylation of alcohols: 2-phenyl-2-propyl, a new benzyl-type protecting group | journal = Tetrahedron Lett. | volume = 41 | issue = 16 | pages = 2891–94 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00304-X}}. | ||
*{{citation | first1 = Joginder S. | last1 = Bajwa | first2 = Xinglong | last2 = Jiang | first3 = Joel | last3 = Slade | first4 = Kapa | last4 = Prasad | first5 = Oljan | last5 = Repič | first6 = Thomas J. | last6 = Blacklock | title = In-situ generation of Et<sub>3</sub>SiBr from BiBr<sub>3</sub> and Et<sub>3</sub>SiH and its use in preparation of dialkyl ethers | journal = Tetrahedron Letters | volume = 43 | issue = 38 | year = 2002 | pages = 6709–13 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01532-0}}. | *{{citation | first1 = Joginder S. | last1 = Bajwa | first2 = Xinglong | last2 = Jiang | first3 = Joel | last3 = Slade | first4 = Kapa | last4 = Prasad | first5 = Oljan | last5 = Repič | first6 = Thomas J. | last6 = Blacklock | title = In-situ generation of Et<sub>3</sub>SiBr from BiBr<sub>3</sub> and Et<sub>3</sub>SiH and its use in preparation of dialkyl ethers | journal = Tetrahedron Letters | volume = 43 | issue = 38 | year = 2002 | pages = 6709–13 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01532-0}}. | ||
| + | *{{citation | first1 = P. Andrew | last1 = Evans | first2 = Jian | last2 = Cui | first3 = Santosh J. | last3 = Gharpure | first4 = Robert J. | last4 = Hinkle | title = Stereoselective Construction of Cyclic Ethers Using a Tandem Two-Component Etherification: Elucidation of the Role of Bismuth Tribromide | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 2003 | volume = 125 | issue = 38 | pages = 11456–57 | doi = 10.1021/ja036439j}}. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:09, 8 January 2011
| Bismuth bromide | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bismuth(III) bromide Bismuth tribromide |
| Identifiers | |
| InChI | InChI=1/Bi.3BrH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 |
| InChIKey | TXKAQZRUJUNDHI-DFZHHIFOAX |
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/Bi.3BrH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 |
| Standard InChIKey | TXKAQZRUJUNDHI-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Properties[1] | |
| Chemical formula | BiBr3 |
| Molar mass | 448.69 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | off-white solid |
| Density | 5.72 g cm−3 |
| Melting point |
218 °C |
| Boiling point |
453 °C |
| Solubility in water | hydrolyzes |
| Thermochemistry[2] | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−276 kJ mol−1 |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Bismuth(III) fluoride Bismuth chloride Bismuth iodide |
| Other cations | Nitrogen tribromide Phosphorus tribromide Arsenic tribromide Antimony tribromide |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Bismuth bromide, BiBr3, is the only well-characterized bromide of bismuth. It is formed by direct reaction of the elements.[3] The gas phase molecule is pyramidal, with r(Bi–Br) = 256.7(5) pm and θ(Br–Bi–Br) = 98.6(2)°.[4] It is dimorphic in the solid state, with the α-phase retaining pyramidal BiBr3 units (mean r(Bi–Br) = 266.3 pm) while the β-phase shows octahedral coordination for the bismuth (mean r(Bi–Br) = 281 pm).[5] It has a number of specialist uses.[6]
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; p B-82. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
- ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 651–55. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1988; pp 391–93. ISBN 0-471-84997-9.
- ↑ Schultz, György; Kolonits, Mária; Hargittai, Magdolna Molecular Structure of BiBr3: An Electron Diffraction Study. Struct. Chem. 1999, 10 (4), 321–25. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022130620414.
- ↑ Fisher, George A.; Norman, Nicholas C. The Structures of the Group 15 Element(III) Halides and Halogenoanions. Adv. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 233–71. DOI: 10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60173-7.
- ↑ Ukeles, S. D.; Freiberg, M. Bromine, Inorganic Compounds. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology; John Wiley: New York, 2002. DOI: 10.1002/0471238961.021815131001031.
Further reading
- Aizawa, Hideyuki; Kuroda, Akio; Minaga, Masahiro, et al. (Toray Ind.) シクロヘキセンの製造方法 (Cyclohexene production method). JP Patent 51011736, published 30 January 1976.
- Joshi, Ashok V.; Sholette, William P. (Rat-O-Vac Corp) High energy density solid state cell. US Patent 4288505, published 8 September 1981.
- Smid, J. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 1987, 8, 543.
- Boyer, Bernard; Keramane, El-Mehdi; Roque, Jean-Pierre; Pavia, André A. BiBr3, an efficient catalyst for the benzylation of alcohols: 2-phenyl-2-propyl, a new benzyl-type protecting group. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41 (16), 2891–94. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00304-X.
- Bajwa, Joginder S.; Jiang, Xinglong; Slade, Joel; Prasad, Kapa; Repič, Oljan; Blacklock, Thomas J. In-situ generation of Et3SiBr from BiBr3 and Et3SiH and its use in preparation of dialkyl ethers. Tetrahedron Letters 2002, 43 (38), 6709–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)01532-0.
- Evans, P. Andrew; Cui, Jian; Gharpure, Santosh J.; Hinkle, Robert J. Stereoselective Construction of Cyclic Ethers Using a Tandem Two-Component Etherification: Elucidation of the Role of Bismuth Tribromide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125 (38), 11456–57. DOI: 10.1021/ja036439j.
External links
 |
See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
- WebElements
- Bismuth: UK Poison Information Document
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