Difference between revisions of "Peroxymonosulfuric acid"
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| − | '''Peroxymonosulfuric acid''', also known as '''persulfuric acid''', '''peroxysulfuric acid''', or as '''Caro's acid''', is H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub>, a liquid at room temperature. In this [[acid]], the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula | + | '''Peroxymonosulfuric acid''', also known as '''persulfuric acid''', '''peroxysulfuric acid''', or as '''Caro's acid''', is H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub>, a liquid at room temperature. In this [[acid]], the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO–O–S(O)<sub>2</sub>–OH. |
| − | H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> is sometimes confused with H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, known as [[peroxydisulfuric acid]]. The disulfuric acid, which is more widely used as its alkali metal salts, has the structure | + | H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> is sometimes confused with H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, known as [[peroxydisulfuric acid]]. The disulfuric acid, which is more widely used as its alkali metal salts, has the structure HO–S(O)<sub>2</sub>–O–O–S(O)<sub>2</sub>–OH. |
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> was first described by [[Heinrich Caro]], for whom it is named, in 1898. | + | H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> was first described by [[Heinrich Caro]], for whom it is named, in 1898.<ref>{{citation | title = Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry | series = |
| + | Chemists and Chemistry 19 | first1 = Carsten | last1 = Reinhardt | first2 = Anthony S. | last2 = Travis | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin | year = 2000 | isbn = 0792366026 | pages = 250, 305}}.</ref> | ||
==Synthesis and production== | ==Synthesis and production== | ||
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::H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + ClSO<sub>2</sub>OH {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> + HCl | ::H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + ClSO<sub>2</sub>OH {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> + HCl | ||
| − | Large scale production of Caro's acid is usually done on site, due to its instability | + | Large scale production of Caro's acid is usually done on site, due to its instability, by reacting >85% [[sulfuric acid]] and >50% hydrogen peroxide ("[[Piranha solution]]").<ref>{{citation | inventor-last = Martin | inventor-first = Perry L. | title = Method and apparatus for producing a peroxyacid solution | country-code = US | description = Patent Appl. | year = 2005 | document-number = 2005031530}}.</ref> |
::H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O | ::H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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[[Category:Sulfur oxoacids]] | [[Category:Sulfur oxoacids]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:54, 23 August 2009
| Peroxymonosulfuric acid | |
|---|---|
| File:Peroxymonosulfuric acid.svg | |
| |
| Other names | Persulfuric acid Peroxysulfuric acid Peroxomonosulfuric acid |
| Identifiers | |
| InChI | InChI=1/H2O5S/c1-5-6(2,3)4/h1H,(H,2,3,4) |
| InChIKey | FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYAW |
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/H2O5S/c1-5-6(2,3)4/h1H,(H,2,3,4) |
| Standard InChIKey | FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Properties[1] | |
| Chemical formula | H2SO5 |
| Molar mass | 114.04 g/mol |
| Appearance | white solid |
| Density | 1.7–1.8 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point |
45 ºC decomp. |
| Solubility in water | reacts |
| Solubility in phosphoric acid | soluble |
| Structure | |
| Coordination geometry | Tetrahedral (at sulfur) |
| Hazards | |
| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) | Commercial MSDS |
| EU index number | not listed |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid, or as Caro's acid, is H2SO5, a liquid at room temperature. In this acid, the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO–O–S(O)2–OH.
H2SO5 is sometimes confused with H2S2O8, known as peroxydisulfuric acid. The disulfuric acid, which is more widely used as its alkali metal salts, has the structure HO–S(O)2–O–O–S(O)2–OH.
History
H2SO5 was first described by Heinrich Caro, for whom it is named, in 1898.[2]
Synthesis and production
The laboratory scale preparation of Caro's acid involve the combination of chlorosulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.[3]
- H2O2 + ClSO2OH ⇌ H2SO5 + HCl
Large scale production of Caro's acid is usually done on site, due to its instability, by reacting >85% sulfuric acid and >50% hydrogen peroxide ("Piranha solution").[4]
- H2O2 + H2SO4 ⇌ H2SO5 + H2O
Uses in industry
H2SO5 has been used for a variety of disinfectant and cleaning applications, e.g., swimming pool treatment and denture cleaning. Alkali metal salts of H2SO5 show promise for the delignification of wood.[5]
Ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts of H2SO5 are used in the plastics industry as polymerization initiators, etchants, desizing agents, soil conditioner, and for decolorizing and deodorizing oils.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate, KHSO5, is the potassium acid salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid. It is widely used as an oxidizing agent.
Dangers
As with all strong oxidizing agents, peroxysulfuric acid should be kept away from organic compounds such as ethers and ketones because of its ability to peroxidize the compound, creating a highly unstable molecule such as acetone peroxide.
References
- ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; p B-154. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
- ↑ Reinhardt, Carsten; Travis, Anthony S. Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry; Chemists and Chemistry 19; Springer: Berlin, 2000; pp 250, 305. ISBN 0792366026.
- ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; p 846. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Martin, Perry L. Method and apparatus for producing a peroxyacid solution. US Patent Appl. 2005031530, published 23 November.
- ↑ Springer, E. L.; McSweeny, J. D. Treatment of Softwood Kraft Pulps with Peroxymonosulfate Before Oxygen Delignification. Tappi J. 1993, 76, 194–99.
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