Difference between revisions of "User:Walkerma/Sandbox"

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Please type up your answers in Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, OpenOffice Writer or RTF file format, and email to me before midnight on Monday, July 20th, 2015. Do not post your answers on the wiki.
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==The challenge==
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#Explain briefly the meaning of the following terms: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), Mass production, muda, carbon footprint, quality assurance, appropriate technology, resource substitution, Ehrlich-Commoner equation, environmental Kuznets curve, carbon intensity (for a nation).
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Increasing anthropogenic emissions are affecting air quality and contributing to climate change. We need to understand the chemistry of the atmosphere to be able to predict the impact of this with confidence and to enable us to prevent and mitigate further changes.
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#(100-200 words) Is the amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the US declining or increasing?  What are some factors affecting this.  What types of MSW are most likely to be recycled?
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#(300 words) How has our understanding of pollution changed over the last 500 years? How has this affected (a) how we design our manufacturing processes and (b) where we place our factories?
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Global greenhouse gas emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70 per cent between 1970 and 2004. World CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are expected to increase by 1.8 per cent annually between 2004 and 2030.104 Increasing anthropogenic emissions are affecting air quality and contributing to climate change. Scientists have an important role to play in understanding the chemistry of the atmosphere to be able to predict with confidence the impact of these emissions and to prevent and mitigate further changes.
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#(200 words) How is lean production compatible with the goal of waste reduction? In what ways may it conflict with waste reduction?
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#(Minimum of 200 words) Design a plausible procedure for QA/QC to follow for a typical product line at Acme, such as DMBTFE, to ensure a quality product that meets customer specifications. Use the process outline from [[Chem321:Problem Set 2|problem set 2]] as a description of the raw materials needed. Assume that DMBTFE is a white, crystalline solid that is stable to air and water, and of only low toxicity.
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To achieve this, the chemical sciences will need to:
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#(Minimum of 200 words) Describe a life-cycle analysis (based on the ISO method) for an aluminum saucepan with a silicone handle.
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* develop novel techniques for studying reactive molecules that occur at ultra-low concentrations in the atmosphere and are the agents of chemical change;
 
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* understand, through developing novel techniques for studying sub-micron particles, how aerosols form and change in the atmosphere, and their impacts on human health and climate;
 
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* study geo-engineering solutions to climate change – such as ocean fertilisation to draw down CO<sub>2</sub>, or increasing the Earth’s albedo by enhancing stratospheric aerosols to modify the Earth’s climate in response to rising greenhouse gas levels – looking both at the effectiveness and undesirable environmental side-effects of these solutions;
 
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* develop new modelling methodologies for treating the enormous chemical complexity that occurs on regional and global scales.
 
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This must be coupled with developing novel analytical techniques, such as low-cost sensors for the detecting of atmospheric pollutants (ozone, nitrogen oxides, particulates etc), which can be dispersed throughout both developed and developing urban areas for fine-scale measurement of air quality, and can be used in developing atmospheric models. In addition, technology breakthroughs will be required in space-borne techniques for measuring major pollutants, including particulate aerosols, with sub-20 km horizontal resolution and the capacity to resolve vertically within the lower troposphere.
 
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<span class="plainlinksneverexpand" style="float:right; font-size: 90%">[[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Good articles/header|action=edit}} edit header]]</span>
 
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{{ChemSpider}}
 
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'''[[Wikipedia:Good articles/recent|Recently listed good articles]]:''' {{Wikipedia:Good articles/recent}}
 
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Latest revision as of 14:28, 16 July 2015

Please type up your answers in Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, OpenOffice Writer or RTF file format, and email to me before midnight on Monday, July 20th, 2015. Do not post your answers on the wiki.

  1. Explain briefly the meaning of the following terms: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), Mass production, muda, carbon footprint, quality assurance, appropriate technology, resource substitution, Ehrlich-Commoner equation, environmental Kuznets curve, carbon intensity (for a nation).
  2. (100-200 words) Is the amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the US declining or increasing? What are some factors affecting this. What types of MSW are most likely to be recycled?
  3. (300 words) How has our understanding of pollution changed over the last 500 years? How has this affected (a) how we design our manufacturing processes and (b) where we place our factories?
  4. (200 words) How is lean production compatible with the goal of waste reduction? In what ways may it conflict with waste reduction?
  5. (Minimum of 200 words) Design a plausible procedure for QA/QC to follow for a typical product line at Acme, such as DMBTFE, to ensure a quality product that meets customer specifications. Use the process outline from problem set 2 as a description of the raw materials needed. Assume that DMBTFE is a white, crystalline solid that is stable to air and water, and of only low toxicity.
  6. (Minimum of 200 words) Describe a life-cycle analysis (based on the ISO method) for an aluminum saucepan with a silicone handle.
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