Difference between revisions of "Raschig hydroxylamine process"
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| − | The '''Raschig hydroxylamine synthesis''' is an industrial process for producing [[hydroxylamine]]. The hydroxylamine is generally used in the manufacture of [[caprolactam]] and hence [[nylon-6]]. | + | The '''Raschig hydroxylamine synthesis''' is an industrial process for producing [[hydroxylamine]]. The hydroxylamine is generally used in the manufacture of [[caprolactam]] and hence [[nylon-6]], although it also finds use in the semiconductor industry. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Process chemistry== | ||
| + | The synthesis is a three step process. First, [[ammonia]] is [[Oxidation|oxidized]] in air to give nitrogen oxides (preferably [[dinitrogen trioxide]]), which react with [[ammonium carbonate]] to give [[ammonium nitrite]]: | ||
| + | :2NH<sub>3</sub> + 3O<sub>2</sub> → N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
| + | :N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → 2NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> | ||
| + | The ammonium nitrite is reduced with [[sulfur dioxide]] in the presence of ammonia at 5 °C to give [[diammonium hydroxylaminedisulfonate]]: | ||
| + | :NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> + 2SO<sub>2</sub> + NH<sub>3</sub> → (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>[HON(SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] | ||
| + | The disulfonate is then hydrolyzed at 100 °C to give [[hydroxylamine sulfate]]: | ||
| + | :(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>[HON(SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] + H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>2</sub>OH·H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 3 July 2010
The Raschig hydroxylamine synthesis is an industrial process for producing hydroxylamine. The hydroxylamine is generally used in the manufacture of caprolactam and hence nylon-6, although it also finds use in the semiconductor industry.
Process chemistry
The synthesis is a three step process. First, ammonia is oxidized in air to give nitrogen oxides (preferably dinitrogen trioxide), which react with ammonium carbonate to give ammonium nitrite:
- 2NH3 + 3O2 → N2O3 + 3H2O
- N2O3 + (NH4)2CO3 → 2NH4NO2 + CO2
The ammonium nitrite is reduced with sulfur dioxide in the presence of ammonia at 5 °C to give diammonium hydroxylaminedisulfonate:
- NH4NO2 + 2SO2 + NH3 → (NH4)2[HON(SO3)2]
The disulfonate is then hydrolyzed at 100 °C to give hydroxylamine sulfate:
- (NH4)2[HON(SO3)2] + H2O → NH2OH·H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4
References
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