Difference between revisions of "Neptunium"
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'''Neptunium''' (symbol: '''Np''') is a [[chemical element]], a member of the [[actinoid]] series. All [[isotope]]s of neptunium are [[Radioactivity|unstable]], with [[Half-life|half-lives]] of less than about two million years:<ref>{{Nubase 2003}}.</ref> any neptunium that was present at the formation of the Solar System has long since decayed, although trace amounts of neptunium are naturally formed by the capture of [[neutron]]s by [[uranium-238]].<ref>{{citation | last1 = Peppard | first1 = D. F. | last2 = Mason | first2 = G. W. | last3 = Gray | first3 = P. R. | last4 = Mech | first4 = J. F. | title = Occurrence of the (4n + 1) Series in Nature | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1952 | volume = 74 | pages = 6081–84 | doi = 10.1021/ja01143a074}}.</ref> Apart from these traces, neptunium is prepared artificially in [[nuclear reactor]]s. | '''Neptunium''' (symbol: '''Np''') is a [[chemical element]], a member of the [[actinoid]] series. All [[isotope]]s of neptunium are [[Radioactivity|unstable]], with [[Half-life|half-lives]] of less than about two million years:<ref>{{Nubase 2003}}.</ref> any neptunium that was present at the formation of the Solar System has long since decayed, although trace amounts of neptunium are naturally formed by the capture of [[neutron]]s by [[uranium-238]].<ref>{{citation | last1 = Peppard | first1 = D. F. | last2 = Mason | first2 = G. W. | last3 = Gray | first3 = P. R. | last4 = Mech | first4 = J. F. | title = Occurrence of the (4n + 1) Series in Nature | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | year = 1952 | volume = 74 | pages = 6081–84 | doi = 10.1021/ja01143a074}}.</ref> Apart from these traces, neptunium is prepared artificially in [[nuclear reactor]]s. | ||
| − | Neptunium was first prepared in 1939 by [[Edwin McMillan]] at the [[University of California Radiation Laboratory]], by the neutron bombardment of [[uranium-238]].<ref>{{citation | last = McMillan | first = Edwin | authorlink = Edwin McMillan | title = Radioactive Recoils from Uranium Activated by Neutrons | journal = Phys. Rev. | year = 1939 | volume = 55 | issue = 5 | page = 510 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.55.510}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last1 = McMillan | first1 = | + | Neptunium was first prepared in 1939 by [[Edwin McMillan]] at the [[University of California Radiation Laboratory]], by the neutron bombardment of [[uranium-238]].<ref>{{citation | last = McMillan | first = Edwin | authorlink = Edwin McMillan | title = Radioactive Recoils from Uranium Activated by Neutrons | journal = Phys. Rev. | year = 1939 | volume = 55 | issue = 5 | page = 510 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.55.510}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last1 = McMillan | first1 = Edwin | authorlink1 = Edwin McMillan | last2 = Abelson | first2 = Philip Hauge | title = Radioactive Element 93 | journal = Phys. Rev. | year = 1940 | volume = 57 | issue = 12 | pages = 1185–86 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.57.1185.2}}.</ref> It was named after the planet Neptune, by analogy with uranium, named after the planet Uranus. |
==Notes and references== | ==Notes and references== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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| + | ===Further reading=== | ||
| + | *{{citation | first1 = Zenko | last1 = Yoshida | first2 = Stephen G. | last2 = Johnson | first3 = Takaumi | last3 = Kimura | first4 = John R. | last4 = Krsul | contribution = Neptunium | title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements | editor1-first = Lester R. | editor1-last = Morss | editor2-first = Norman M. | editor2-last = Edelstein | editor3-first = Jean | editor3-last = Fuger | edition = 3rd | year = 2006 | volume = 2 | publisher = Springer | location = Dordrecht, the Netherlands | chapter = 6 | pages = 699–812 | url = http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/neptunium.pdf | doi = 10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_6}}. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 16:11, 23 April 2011
Neptunium (symbol: Np) is a chemical element, a member of the actinoid series. All isotopes of neptunium are unstable, with half-lives of less than about two million years:[1] any neptunium that was present at the formation of the Solar System has long since decayed, although trace amounts of neptunium are naturally formed by the capture of neutrons by uranium-238.[2] Apart from these traces, neptunium is prepared artificially in nuclear reactors.
Neptunium was first prepared in 1939 by Edwin McMillan at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, by the neutron bombardment of uranium-238.[3][4] It was named after the planet Neptune, by analogy with uranium, named after the planet Uranus.
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ Audi, G.; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A. H. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nucl. Phys. A 2003, 729, 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, <http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf>.
- ↑ Peppard, D. F.; Mason, G. W.; Gray, P. R.; Mech, J. F. Occurrence of the (4n + 1) Series in Nature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6081–84. DOI: 10.1021/ja01143a074.
- ↑ McMillan, Edwin Radioactive Recoils from Uranium Activated by Neutrons. Phys. Rev. 1939, 55 (5), 510. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.55.510.
- ↑ McMillan, Edwin; Abelson, Philip Hauge Radioactive Element 93. Phys. Rev. 1940, 57 (12), 1185–86. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.57.1185.2.
Further reading
- Yoshida, Zenko; Johnson, Stephen G.; Kimura, Takaumi; Krsul, John R. Neptunium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 2, Chapter 6, pp 699–812. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_6, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/neptunium.pdf>.
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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