Difference between revisions of "Raschig hydroxylamine process"
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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| + | ==External links== | ||
| + | *[http://shippai.jst.go.jp/en/Detail?fn=0&id=CC1000050&] | ||
| + | *[http://www.csb.gov/assets/document/Concept_case_study.pdf] | ||
[[Category:Hydroxylamine]] | [[Category:Hydroxylamine]] | ||
Revision as of 20:23, 3 July 2010
The Raschig hydroxylamine synthesis is an industrial process for producing hydroxylamine. The hydroxylamine is generally used in the manufacture of caprolactam and hence nylon-6, although it also finds use in the semiconductor industry.
Process chemistry
The synthesis is a three step process. First, ammonia is oxidized in air to give nitrogen oxides (preferably dinitrogen trioxide), which react with ammonium carbonate to give ammonium nitrite:
- 2 NH3 + 3 O2 → N2O3 + 3 H2O
- N2O3 + (NH4)2CO3 → 2 NH4NO2 + CO2
The ammonium nitrite is reduced with sulfur dioxide in the presence of ammonia at 5 °C to give diammonium hydroxylaminedisulfonate:
- NH4NO2 + 2 SO2 + NH3 → (NH4)2[HON(SO3)2]
The disulfonate is then hydrolyzed at 100 °C to give hydroxylamine sulfate:
- 2 (NH4)2[HON(SO3)2] + 3 H2O → (NH3OH)2SO4 + 2 (NH4)2SO4
References
External links
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