Aluminium phosphate

Aluminium phosphate
Other names	Aluminium monophosphate Phosphoric acid, aluminum salt (1:1) Berlinite
Identifiers
InChI	InChI=1/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3/rAlO4P/c2-6-3-1(4-6)5-6
InChIKey	ILRRQNADMUWWFW-ITXURHEJAW
Standard InChI	InChI=1S/Al.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+3;/p-3
Standard InChIKey	ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K
CAS number	[7784-30-7]
EC number	232-056-9
RTECS	TB6450000
ChemSpider	21172744
PubChem	64655
Properties
Chemical formula	AlPO4
Molar mass	121.95 g/mol
Appearance	white, crystalline powder
Density	2.566 g/cm3, solid
Melting point	>1500 °C
Boiling point	decomposes
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	soluble in mineral acids
Refractive index (nD)	1.546
Hazards
Material safety data sheet (MSDS)	ICSC 1538
EU index number	not listed
Flash point	non-flammable
LD50	4640mg/kg (rat, oral) > 4640 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal)
Related compounds
Other cations	Gallium phosphate Indium phosphate
Template:Tick(what is this?)  (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Aluminium phosphate (AlPO₄) is a chemical compound. It is used in cake mixes and in some baking powders as a leavening agent to help baked goods rise. Medicinally it is used as an antacid.

It is also used industrially as a high-temperature dehydrating agent. When heated to decomposition, aluminium phosphate decomposes into aluminium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide, the latter of which is very effective at absorbing water. Phosphorus pentoxide may be useful in a number of applications including the production of ketene from acetic acid, although this process is rather dangerous and may yield a significant amount of byproducts.

4AlPO₄ → 2Al₂O₃ + P₄O₁₀

-

6CH₃COOH + P₄O₁₀ → 4H₃PO₄ + 6CH₂CO

CH₂CO + CH₃COOH → (CH₃CO)₂O

Occurrence

Although it is unstable to heat, in geologically stable regions like Australia and Southern Africa, alumiunium phosphate is generally the most common form of phosphorus in soils, as it forms when phosphate in rainwater reacts with dissolved aluminium in the soil. Although it is not as insoluble as many other components of soils in those regions, aluminium phosphate can form exceedingly insoluble double salts known as taranakites with many essential elements for plant growth that are normally highly soluble in water, such as potassium and nitrogen.

In coastal areas of South Africa and Namibia, the combination of exceedingly old soils and a high input of phosphate from very fertile oceans due to the Benguela Current causes aluminium phosphate to accumulate to form a concentrated mineral, known as aluminium phosphate rock. Only in recent years has there been any interest in the mining of these considerable deposits as a source of phosphorus for agriculture, but there could be considerable economic value if low-cost treatment becomes possible.

The mineral form of aluminium phosphate, berlinite, is rarely found in the nature. It possess quartz-like structure, which makes these 2 minerals often hard to distinguish by standard laboratory methods (like Powder X-Ray Diffraction)

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 1538
• IPCS Environmental Health Criteria 194: Aluminium
• NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank entry for Aluminum compounds
• FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) monograph: Aluminium (WHO Food Additives Series 24)