List of food additives (European Union)

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E numbers are number codes for food additives that have been assessed for use within the European Union (the "E" prefix stands for "Europe").[1] They are commonly found on food labels throughout the European Union.[2][ref. needed] Safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority.[3] The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee[4] though only a subset of the INS additives are approved for use in the European Union. E numbers are also encountered on food labelling in other jurisdictions, including the GCC, Australia, New Zealand and Israel. The "E" prefix is omitted in Australia and New Zealand. They are increasingly (though still rarely) found on North American packaging, especially in Canada.

In casual language in the UK and Ireland, "E number" is used as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E numbers" even though most of the (natural) ingredients contain components that also have an E number (e.g. Vitamin C (E300) or lycopene (E160d), the colour in tomatoes). To have a diet without any components that have an E number is basically impossible. "Free of E numbers" thus refers mainly to the lack of additives, not to the absence of components with an E number.

Classification by numeric range

100–199
Colours 		100–109 yellows
110–119 oranges
120–129 reds
130–139 blues & violets
140–149 greens
150–159 browns & blacks
160–199 others
200–299
Preservatives 		200–209 sorbates
210–219 benzoates
220–229 sulphites
230–239 phenols & formates (methanoates)
240–259 nitrates
260–269 acetates (ethanoates)
270–279 lactates
280–289 propionates (propanoates)
290–299 others
300–399
Antioxidants & acidity regulators 		300–305 ascorbates (vitamin C)
306–309 Tocopherol (vitamin E)
310–319 gallates & erythorbates
320–329 lactates
330–339 citrates & tartrates
340–349 phosphates
350–359 malates & adipates
360–369 succinates & fumarates
370–399 others
400–499
Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers 		400–409 alginates
410–419 natural gums
420–429 other natural agents
430–439 polyoxyethene compounds
440–449 natural emulsifiers
450–459 phosphates
460–469 cellulose compounds
470–489 fatty acids & compounds
490–499 others
500–599
pH regulators & anti-caking agents 		500–509 mineral acids & bases
510–519 chlorides & sulphates
520–529 sulphates & hydroxides
530–549 alkali metal compounds
550–559 silicates
570–579 stearates & gluconates
580–599 others
600–699
Flavour enhancers 		620–629 glutamates
630–639 inosinates
640–649 others
700–799
Antibiotics 		710–713
900–999
Miscellaneous 		900–909 waxes
910–919 synthetic glazes
920–929 improving agents
930–949 packaging gases
950–969 sweeteners
990–999 foaming agents
1100–1599
Additional chemicals 		New chemicals that do not fall into standard classification schemes

NB: Not all examples of a class fall into the given numeric range. Moreover, many chemicals, particularly in the E400–499 range, have a variety of purposes.

Full list

Each additional has its status:

  • permitted additionals are labeled with N/A;
  • forbidden additionals were proven to cause diseases beyond any doubt;
  • unpermitted additionals are those for which conclusive test data is not yet available either due to ongoing tests or no testing;
  • dangerous additionals may be dangerous for people with chronic diseases.

E100–E199 (colours)

Code Name Purpose Status
E100 Curcumin, turmeric food colouring (yellow-orange) Template:N/a
E101 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) food colouring (yellow-orange) Template:N/a
E101a Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate food colouring (yellow-orange)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E102 Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) food colouring (lemon yellow) Unpermitted in the EU[ref. needed]
E103 Chrysoine resorcinol food colouring (golden) Forbidden[ref. needed]
E104 Quinoline Yellow WS food colouring (dull or greenish yellow) Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK.[ref. needed]
E105 Fast Yellow AB food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E107 Yellow 2G food colouring (yellow) Template:N/a
E110 Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6) food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Banned in Finland, Norway & the UK (voluntarily). Products in the EU require warnings and is evaluating a phase-out.[ref. needed]
E111 Orange GGN food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E120 Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4 food colouring (crimson)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E121 Citrus Red 2 food colouring (dark red) Forbidden[ref. needed]
E122 Carmoisine, Azorubine food colouring (red to maroon)[ref. needed] Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK, currently banned in Canada, Japan, Norway, USA & Sweden. EU currently evaluating health risks.[ref. needed]
E123 Amaranth (FD&C Red 2) food colouring (dark red) Forbidden[ref. needed]
E124 Ponceau 4R (Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R) food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Unpermitted in the United States, Norway & Finland. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK.[ref. needed]
E125 Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN food colouring (red)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E126 Ponceau 6R food colouring (red)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E127 Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3) food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E128 Red 2G food colouring (red)[ref. needed] Forbidden[ref. needed]
E129 Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40) food colouring (red)[ref. needed] Banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland & Sweden. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK. Permitted in the US and by the EU (whilst preserving individual country bans).[ref. needed]
E130 Indanthrene blue RS food colouring (blue)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E131 Patent Blue V food colouring (dark blue) Dangerous[ref. needed]
E132 Indigo carmine, FD&C Blue 2 food colouring(indigo) Dangerous[ref. needed]
E133 Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1) food colouring (reddish blue) Template:N/a
E140 Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins food colouring (green) Template:N/a
E141 Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Template:N/a
E142 Green S food colouring (colour?)[ref. needed] Unpermitted in the EU[ref. needed]
E143 Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3) food colouring (sea green) Template:N/a
E150a Plain caramel food colouring Template:N/a
E150b Caustic sulfite caramel food colouring Template:N/a
E150c Ammonia caramel food colouring Template:N/a
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel food colouring Template:N/a
E151 Black PN, Brilliant Black BN food colouring Template:N/a
E152 Black 7984 food colouring Template:N/a
E153 Carbon black, Vegetable carbon food colouring Template:N/a
E154 Brown FK, Kipper Brown food colouring Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E155 Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT food colouring Template:N/a
E160a Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene food colouring Template:N/a
E160b Annatto, bixin, norbixin food colouring Dangerous[ref. needed]
E160c Paprika extract, Capsanthin, capsorubin food colouring Template:N/a
E160d Lycopene food colouring Template:N/a
E160e Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) food colouring Template:N/a
E160f Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) food colouring Template:N/a
E161a Flavoxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161b Lutein food colouring Template:N/a
E161c Cryptoxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161d Rubixanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161e Violaxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161f Rhodoxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161g Canthaxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161h Zeaxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161i Citranaxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E161j Astaxanthin food colouring Template:N/a
E162 Beetroot Red, Betanin food colouring Template:N/a
E163 Anthocyanins food colouring Template:N/a
E170 Calcium carbonate, Chalk food colouring Template:N/a
E171 Titanium dioxide food colouring (pure white) Template:N/a
E172 Iron oxides and hydroxides food colouring Template:N/a
E173 Aluminium food colouring Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E174 Silver food colouring Template:N/a
E175 Gold food colouring Template:N/a
E180 Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK food colouring Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E181 Tannin food colouring Template:N/a
E182 Orcein, Orchil food colouring Template:N/a

E200–E299 (preservatives)

Code Name Purpose Status
E200 Sorbic acid preservative Template:N/a
E201 Sodium sorbate preservative Template:N/a
E202 Potassium sorbate preservative Template:N/a
E203 Calcium sorbate preservative Template:N/a
E209 Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate preservative Template:N/a
E210 Benzoic acid preservative Unpermitted in UK[ref. needed]
E211 Sodium benzoate preservative Template:N/a
E212 Potassium benzoate preservative Template:N/a
E213 Calcium benzoate preservative Template:N/a
E214 Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative Dangerous[ref. needed]
E215 Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Template:N/a
E216 Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative Forbidden[ref. needed]
E217 Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Forbidden[ref. needed]
E218 Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative Template:N/a
E219 Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Template:N/a
E220 Sulphur dioxide preservative Template:N/a
E221 Sodium sulphite preservative Template:N/a
E222 Sodium bisulphite (sodium hydrogen sulphite) preservative Template:N/a
E223 Sodium metabisulphite preservative Template:N/a
E224 Potassium metabisulphite preservative Template:N/a
E225 Potassium sulphite preservative Template:N/a
E226 Calcium sulphite preservative Template:N/a
E227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite (preservative) firming agent Template:N/a
E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite preservative Template:N/a
E230 Biphenyl, diphenyl preservative Dangerous[ref. needed]
E231 Orthophenyl phenol preservative Dangerous[ref. needed]
E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol preservative Dangerous[ref. needed]
E233 Thiabendazole preservative Template:N/a
E234 Nisin preservative Template:N/a
E235 Natamycin, Pimaracin preservative Template:N/a
E236 Formic acid preservative Template:N/a
E237 Sodium formate preservative Template:N/a
E238 Calcium formate preservative Template:N/a
E239 Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) preservative Dangerous[ref. needed]
E240 Formaldehyde preservative Forbidden[ref. needed]
E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate preservative Template:N/a
E249 Potassium nitrite preservative Template:N/a
E250 Sodium nitrite preservative Template:N/a
E251 Sodium nitrate preservative Template:N/a
E252 Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) preservative Template:N/a
E260 Acetic acid (preservative) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E261 Potassium acetate (preservative) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E262 Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate) preservative, acidity regulator Template:N/a
E263 Calcium acetate (preservative) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E264 Ammonium acetate preservative Template:N/a
E265 Dehydroacetic acid preservative Template:N/a
E266 Sodium dehydroacetate preservative Template:N/a
E270 Lactic acid (preservative) (acid) antioxidant Template:N/a
E280 Propionic acid preservative Template:N/a
E281 Sodium propionate preservative Template:N/a
E282 Calcium propionate preservative Template:N/a
E283 Potassium propionate preservative Template:N/a
E284 Boric acid preservative Template:N/a
E285 Sodium tetraborate (borax) preservative Template:N/a
E290 Carbon dioxide acidity regulator Template:N/a
E296 Malic acid (acid) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E297 Fumaric acid acidity regulator Template:N/a

E300–E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)

Code Name Purpose Status
E300 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) antioxidant Template:N/a
E301 Sodium ascorbate antioxidant Template:N/a
E302 Calcium ascorbate antioxidant Template:N/a
E303 Potassium ascorbate antioxidant Template:N/a
E304 Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate antioxidant Template:N/a
E305 (ii) Ascorbyl stearate antioxidant Template:N/a
E306 Tocopherol-rich extract (natural) antioxidant Template:N/a
E307 Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant Template:N/a
E308 Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant Template:N/a
E309 Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant Template:N/a
E310 Propyl gallate antioxidant Template:N/a
E311 Octyl gallate antioxidant Dangerous[ref. needed]
E312 Dodecyl gallate antioxidant Dangerous[ref. needed]
E313 Ethyl gallate antioxidant Dangerous[ref. needed]
E314 Guaiac resin antioxidant Template:N/a
E315 Erythorbic acid antioxidant Template:N/a
E316 Sodium erythorbate antioxidant Template:N/a
E317 Erythorbin acid antioxidant Template:N/a
E318 Sodium erythorbin antioxidant Template:N/a
E319 tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidant Template:N/a
E320 Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidant Template:N/a
E321 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant Template:N/a
E322 Lecithin emulsifier Template:N/a
E323 Anoxomer antioxidant Template:N/a
E324 Ethoxyquin antioxidant Template:N/a
E325 Sodium lactate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E326 Potassium lactate (antioxidant) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E327 Calcium lactate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E328 Ammonium lactate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E329 Magnesium lactate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E330 Citric acid acid, acidity regulator Template:N/a
E331 Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E332 Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E333 Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate) acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant Template:N/a
E334 Tartaric acid (L(+)-) (acid) Template:N/a
E335 Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E336 Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E337 Sodium potassium tartrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E338 Orthophosphoric acid acid Template:N/a
E339 Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate antioxidant Template:N/a
E340 Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate antioxidant Template:N/a
E341 Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate anti-caking agent, firming agent Template:N/a
E342 Ammonium phosphates: (i) Monoammonium orthophosphate (ii) Diammonium orthophosphate Template:N/a
E343 Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate anti-caking agent This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
E344 Lecitin citrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E345 Magnesium citrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E349 Ammonium malate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E350 Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E351 Potassium malate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E352 Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E353 Metatartaric acid emulsifier Template:N/a
E354 Calcium tartrate emulsifier Template:N/a
E355 Adipic acid acidity regulator Template:N/a
E356 Sodium adipate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E357 Potassium adipate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E359 Ammonium adipate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E363 Succinic acid acidity regulator Template:N/a
E365 Sodium fumarate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E366 Potassium fumarate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E367 Calcium fumarate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E368 Ammonium fumarate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E370 1,4-Heptonolactone acidity regulator Template:N/a
E375 Niacin (nicotinic acid), Nicotinamide colour retention agent Template:N/a
E380 Triammonium citrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E381 Ammonium ferric citrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E383 Calcium glycerylphosphate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E384 Isopropyl citrate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E385 Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA) sequestrant Template:N/a
E386 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Disodium EDTA) sequestrant Template:N/a
E387 Oxystearin stabiliser Template:N/a
E388 Thiodipropionic acid Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E389 Dilauryl thiodipropionate Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E390 Distearyl thiodipropionate Template:N/a
E391 Phytic acid Template:N/a
E399 Calcium lactobionate Template:N/a

E400–E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers)

Code Name Purpose Status
E400 Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E401 Sodium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E402 Potassium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E403 Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E404 Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E405 Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E406 Agar (thickener) (gelling agent) stabiliser Template:N/a
E407 Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E407a Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E408 Bakers yeast glycan Template:N/a
E409 Arabinogalactan Template:N/a
E410 Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E411 Oat gum (thickener) stabiliser Template:N/a
E412 Guar gum (thickener) stabiliser Template:N/a
E413 Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E414 Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E415 Xanthan gum (thickener) stabiliser Template:N/a
E416 Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E417 Tara gum (thickener) stabiliser Template:N/a
E418 Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E419 Gum ghatti (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier Template:N/a
E420 Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener) humectant Template:N/a
E421 Mannitol (anti-caking agent) sweetener Template:N/a
E422 Glycerol (emulsifier) sweetener Template:N/a
E424 Curdlan Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E425 Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane emulsifier Unpermitted in the EU[ref. needed]
E426 Soybean hemicellulose
E429 Peptones Template:N/a
E430 Polyoxyethene (8) stearate (emulsifier) stabiliser Template:N/a
E431 Polyoxyethene (40) stearate emulsifier Template:N/a
E432 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) emulsifier Template:N/a
E433 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) emulsifier Template:N/a
E434 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) emulsifier Template:N/a
E435 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) emulsifier Template:N/a
E436 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65) emulsifier Template:N/a
E440 Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin emulsifier Template:N/a
E441 Gelatine (emulsifier) gelling agent Template:N/a
E442 Ammonium phosphatides emulsifier Template:N/a
E443 Brominated vegetable oil Template:N/a
E444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate emulsifier Template:N/a
E445 Glycerol esters of wood rosins emulsifier Template:N/a
E446 Succistearin Template:N/a
E450 Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E451 Triphosphates (i) Sodium tripolyphosphate (pentasodium triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E452 Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphosphates (v) Ammonium Polyphosphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E459 Beta-cyclodextrine emulsifier Template:N/a
E460 Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E461 Methyl cellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E462 Ethyl cellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E463 Hydroxypropyl cellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E464 Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, = hypromellose emulsifier Template:N/a
E465 Ethyl methyl cellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E466 Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E467 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Template:N/a
E468 Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) emulsifier This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
E469 Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose emulsifier Template:N/a
E470 Salts of fatty acids with base Al, Ca, Na, Mg, K and NH4 Template:N/a
E470a Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E470b Magnesium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E471 Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate) emulsifier Template:N/a
E472a Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E472b Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E472c Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E472d Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E472e Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E472f Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E472g Succinylated monoglycerides emulsifier Template:N/a
E473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E474 Sucroglycerides emulsifier Template:N/a
E475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E476 Polyglycerol polyricinoleate emulsifier Template:N/a
E477 Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E478 Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1 emulsifier Template:N/a
E479b Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier Template:N/a
E480 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate emulsifier Template:N/a
E481 Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate emulsifier Template:N/a
E482 Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate emulsifier Template:N/a
E483 Stearyl tartrate emulsifier Template:N/a
E484 Stearyl citrate emulsifier Template:N/a
E485 Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate emulsifier Template:N/a
E486 Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate emulsifier Template:N/a
E487 Sodium laurylsulphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E488 Ethoxylated Mono- and Di-Glycerides emulsifier Template:N/a
E489 Methyl Glucoside - Coconut Oil Ester emulsifier Template:N/a
E490 Propane-1,2-diol Template:N/a
E491 Sorbitan monostearate emulsifier Template:N/a
E492 Sorbitan tristearate emulsifier Template:N/a
E493 Sorbitan monolaurate emulsifier Template:N/a
E494 Sorbitan monooleate emulsifier Template:N/a
E495 Sorbitan monopalmitate emulsifier Template:N/a
E496 Sorbitan trioleat emulsifier Template:N/a
E497 Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymers Template:N/a
E498 Partial polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil Template:N/a
E499 Cassia gum Template:N/a

E500–E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents)

Code Name Purpose Status
E500 Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator) raising agent Template:N/a
E501 Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E503 Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate) acidity regulator Template:N/a
E504 Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium hydrogen carbonate acidity regulator, anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E505 Ferrous carbonate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E507 Hydrochloric acid acid Template:N/a
E508 Potassium chloride (gelling agent) seasoning Template:N/a
E509 Calcium chloride (sequestrant) firming agent Template:N/a
E510 Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator) improving agent Template:N/a
E511 Magnesium chloride firming agent Template:N/a
E512 Stannous chloride antioxidant Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E513 Sulphuric acid acid Template:N/a
E514 Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) acid Template:N/a
E515 Potassium Sulphates (i) Potassium Sulphate (ii) Template:N/a
E516 Calcium sulphate Template:N/a
E517 Ammonium sulphate improving agent Template:N/a
E518 Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator) firming agent Template:N/a
E519 Copper(II) sulphate preservative Template:N/a
E520 Aluminium sulphate firming agent Template:N/a
E521 Aluminium sodium sulphate firming agent Template:N/a
E522 Aluminium potassium sulphate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E523 Aluminium ammonium sulphate acidity regulator Template:N/a
E524 Sodium hydroxide acidity regulator Template:N/a
E525 Potassium hydroxide acidity regulator Template:N/a
E526 Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator) firming agent Template:N/a
E527 Ammonium hydroxide acidity regulator Template:N/a
E528 Magnesium hydroxide acidity regulator Template:N/a
E529 Calcium oxide (acidity regulator) improving agent Template:N/a
E530 Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E535 Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E536 Potassium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E537 Ferrous hexacyanomanganate anti-caking agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E538 Calcium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E539 Sodium thiosulphate antioxidant Template:N/a
E540 Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator) emulsifier Template:N/a
E541 Sodium aluminium phosphate (i) Acidic (ii) Basic emulsifier Template:N/a
E542 Bone phosphate (Essentiale Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E543 Calcium sodium polyphosphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E544 Calcium polyphosphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E545 Ammonium polyphosphate emulsifier Template:N/a
E550 Sodium Silicates (i) Sodium silicate (ii) Sodium metasilicate anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E551 Silicon dioxide (Silica) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E552 Calcium silicate anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E553a (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E553b Talc anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E554 Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E555 Potassium aluminium silicate anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E556 Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E557 Zinc silicate anti-caking agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E558 Bentonite anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E559 Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E560 Potassium silicate anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E561 Vermiculite Template:N/a
E562 Sepiolite Template:N/a
E563 Sepiolitic clay Template:N/a
E565 Lignosulphonates Template:N/a
E566 Natrolite-phonolite Template:N/a
E570 Stearic acid (Fatty acid) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E572 Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E574 Gluconic acid acidity regulator Template:N/a
E575 Glucono delta-lactone (acidity regulator) sequestrant Template:N/a
E576 Sodium gluconate sequestrant Template:N/a
E577 Potassium gluconate sequestrant Template:N/a
E578 Calcium gluconate firming agent Template:N/a
E579 Ferrous gluconate food colouring Template:N/a
E580 Magnesium gluconate Template:N/a
E585 Ferrous lactate food colouring Template:N/a
E586 4-Hexylresorcinol antioxidant Template:N/a
E598 Synthetic calcium aluminates Template:N/a
E599 Perlite Template:N/a

E600–E699 (flavour enhancers)

Code Name Purpose Status
E620 Glutamic acid flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E621 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E622 Monopotassium glutamate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E623 Calcium diglutamate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E624 Monoammonium glutamate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E625 Magnesium diglutamate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E626 Guanylic acid flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E627 Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E628 Dipotassium guanylate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E629 Calcium guanylate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E630 Inosinic acid flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E631 Disodium inosinate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E632 Dipotassium inosinate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E633 Calcium inosinate flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E634 Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E636 Maltol flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E637 Ethyl maltol flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E640 Glycine and its sodium salt flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E641 L-leucine flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E642 Lysine hydrochloride flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E650 Zinc acetate flavour enhancer Template:N/a

E700–E799 (antibiotics)

Code Name Purpose Status
E700 Bacitracin
E701 Tetracyclines Template:N/a
E710 Spiramycins Template:N/a
E711 Virginiamicins Template:N/a
E712 Flavophospholipol
E713 Tylosin Template:N/a
E714 Monensin
E715 Avoparcin
E716 Salinomycin
E717 Avilamycin

E900–E999 (miscellaneous)

Code Name Purpose Status
E900 Dimethyl polysiloxane (anti-foaming agent) anti-caking agent Template:N/a
E901 Beeswax , white and yellow glazing agent Template:N/a
E902 Candelilla wax glazing agent Template:N/a
E903 Carnauba wax glazing agent Template:N/a
E904 Shellac glazing agent Template:N/a
E905 Paraffins Template:N/a
E905a Mineral oil anti-foaming agent Template:N/a
E905b Petrolatum Template:N/a
E905c Petroleum wax (i)Microcrystalline wax (ii) Paraffin wax glazing agent Template:N/a
E906 Gum benzoic flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E907 Crystalline wax glazing agent Template:N/a
E908 Rice bran wax glazing agent Template:N/a
E909 Spermaceti Wax glazing agent Template:N/a
E910 Wax esters glazing agent Template:N/a
E911 Methyl esters of fatty acids glazing agent Template:N/a
E912 Montan wax glazing agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E913 Lanolin, sheep wool grease glazing agent Template:N/a
E914 Oxidized polyethylene wax glazing agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E915 Esters of colophony glazing agent Template:N/a
E916 Calcium iodate Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E917 Potassium iodate Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E918 Nitrogen oxides Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E919 Nitrosyl chloride Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E920 L-cysteine improving agent Template:N/a
E921 L-cystine improving agent Template:N/a
E922 Potassium persulfate improving agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E923 Ammonium persulfate improving agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E924 Potassium bromate improving agent Template:N/a
E924b Calcium bromate improving agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E925 Chlorine preservative, bleach, improving agent Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E926 Chlorine dioxide (preservative) bleach Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E927a Azodicarbonamide improving agent Template:N/a
E927b Carbamide (urea) improving agent Template:N/a
E928 Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent) bleach Template:N/a
E929 Acetone peroxide Unpermitted[ref. needed]
E930 Calcium peroxide (improving agent) bleach Template:N/a
E938 Argon packaging gas Template:N/a
E939 Helium packaging gas Template:N/a
E940 Dichlorodifluoromethane packaging gas Rarely used
E941 Nitrogen (packaging gas) propellant Template:N/a
E942 Nitrous oxide propellant Template:N/a
E943a Butane propellant Template:N/a
E943b Isobutane propellant Template:N/a
E944 Propane propellant Template:N/a
E945 Chloropentafluoroethane propellant Template:N/a
E946 Octafluorocyclobutane propellant Template:N/a
E948 Oxygen packaging gas Template:N/a
E949 Hydrogen packaging gas Template:N/a
E950 Acesulfame potassium sweetener Template:N/a
E951 Aspartame sweetener
E952 Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, also known as Cyclamate sweetener Template:N/a
E953 Isomalt, Isomaltitol sweetener Template:N/a
E954 Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts sweetener Template:N/a
E955 Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) sweetener Template:N/a
E956 Alitame sweetener Template:N/a
E957 Thaumatin (sweetener) flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E958 Glycyrrhizin (sweetener) flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E959 Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (sweetener) flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E960 Stevioside sweetener Template:N/a
E961 Neotame sweetener Template:N/a
E962 Aspartame-acesulfame salt (sweetener) stabiliser Template:N/a
E965 Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser) humectant Template:N/a
E966 Lactitol sweetener Template:N/a
E967 Xylitol sweetener Template:N/a
E968 Erythritol humectant Template:N/a
E999 Quillaia extract foaming agent Template:N/a

E1000–E1999 (additional chemicals)

Code Name Purpose Status
E1000 Cholic acid emulsifier Template:N/a
E1001 Choline salts emulsifier Template:N/a
E1100 Amylase stabiliser, flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E1101 Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) stabiliser, flavour enhancer Template:N/a
E1102 Glucose oxidase antioxidant Template:N/a
E1103 Invertase stabiliser Template:N/a
E1104 Lipases Template:N/a
E1105 Lysozyme preservative Template:N/a
E1200 Polydextrose stabiliser, thickening agent, humectant, carrier Template:N/a
E1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabiliser Template:N/a
E1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier) stabiliser Template:N/a
E1203 Polyvinyl alcohol Template:N/a
E1204 Pullulan Template:N/a
E1400 Dextrin (Dextrins, roasted starch white and yellow) (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1401 Modified starch ((Acid-treated starch) stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1402 Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1403 Bleached starch (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1404 Oxidized starch (emulsifier) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1405 Enzyme treated starch Template:N/a
E1410 Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1411 Distarch glycerol (thickening agent) emulsifier Template:N/a
E1412 Distarch phosphate esterified with sodium trimetasphosphate; esterified with phosphorus oxychloride (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate (emulsifier) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1420 Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1421 Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1422 Acetylated Distarch Adipate (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1423 Acetylated distarch glycerol thickening agent Template:N/a
E1430 Distarch glycerine (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1440 Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1441 Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1442 Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1443 Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerol Template:N/a
E1450 Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1451 Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier) thickening agent Template:N/a
E1501 Benzylated hydrocarbons Template:N/a
E1502 Butane-1, 3-diol Template:N/a
E1503 Castor oil resolving agent Template:N/a
E1504 Ethyl acetate flavour solvent Template:N/a
E1505 Triethyl citrate foam stabiliser Template:N/a
E1510 Ethanol Template:N/a
E1516 Glyceryl monoacetate flavour solvent Template:N/a
E1517 Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin flavour solvent Template:N/a
E1518 Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin humectant Template:N/a
E1519 Benzyl alcohol Template:N/a
E1520 Propylene glycol humectant Template:N/a
E1521 Polyethylene glycerol Template:N/a
E1525 Hydroxyethyl cellulose thickening agent Template:N/a

Notes

  1. ↑ UK Food Standards Agency
  2. ↑ European Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners
  3. ↑ http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php
  4. ↑ Codex Alimentarius. Noms de Categorie et Systeme International de Numerotation des Additifs Alimentaires. Retrieved on 2 April 2009.

2. Codex Alimentarius - http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/CXS_192e.pdf 1 June 2009

See also

External links

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