Functional class nomenclature
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Functional class nomenclature, also called radicofunctional nomenclature, is a type of chemical nomenclature used for organic compounds.[1] It is similar in principle to the compositional nomenclature used for inorganic compounds.[2] Examples of functional class names include "methyl alcohol" and "acetic anhydride".[3]
Functional class nomenclature was once widely used for organic compounds, but it has steadily been superceded by substitutive nomenclature.[3] It remains the usual method of naming N-oxides and other N-chalcogenides, acid anhydrides, esters, and acyl halides and pseudohalides, and is often used for other functional classes such as azines, oximes, hydrazones, semicarbazones, carbohydrazones, acetals, and hemiacetals.[3]
| Rule | Class name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| R-5.3.1 | fluoride chloride bromide iodide |
|
| R-5.3.3.2 | oxide | for azoxy compounds |
| R-5.3.4 | azide | |
| R-5.4.3 | imine | functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound |
| R-5.4.5 | oxide | for amine oxides |
| R-5.5.1.1 | alcohol | |
| R-5.5.1.2 | mercaptan selenol tellurol |
no longer recommended |
| R-5.5.4.2 | ether sulfide selenide telluride |
|
| R-5.5.4.4 | oxide | functional modifier for oxiranes, added after name of alkene |
| R-5.5.5 | hydroperoxide peroxide |
|
| R-5.5.6 | hydropolysulfide polysulfide |
and chalcogen analogues; "poly" is replaced by "di", "tri" etc. |
| R-5.5.7 | sulfoxide sulfone selenoxide selenone |
|
| R-5.6.2.1 | ketone | |
| R-5.6.4.1 | acetal ketal |
and chalcogen analogues |
| R-5.6.4.2 | hemiacetal | and chalcogen analogues |
| R-5.6.6.1 | oxime | functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound |
| R-5.6.6.2 | hydrazone | functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound |
| R-5.6.6.3 | azine | functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound |
| R-5.6.6.4 | semicarbazone thiosemicarbazone selenosemicarbazone |
functional modifier, added after name of carbonyl compound |
| R-5.7.4.2 | see text | for esters use name of anion |
| R-5.7.6 | fluoride chloride bromide iodide |
functional modifiers for acyl halides, added after name of acyl group |
| R-5.7.7.1 | anhydride | functional modifier, replaces "acid" for symmetrical acid anhydrides |
| R-5.7.7.3 | thioanhydride | functional modifier, replaces "acid" for symmetrical acid thioanhydrides |
| R-5.7.9.1 | cyanide | |
| R-5.7.9.2 | isocyanide cyanate isocyanate fulminate thiocyanate isothiocyanate selenocyanate isoselenocyanate |
"isonitrile" and "carbylamine" have been used for isocyanide, but are not recommended |
| R-5.7.9.3 | oxide | functional modifier for nitrile oxides, added after name of nitrile |
| R-5.8.2 | cation | |
| R-5.8.3 | anion |
References
- ↑ A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds; IUPAC Recommendations 1993; Blackwell Science: Oxford, 1993; pp 14–15. ISBN 0-632-03488-2, <http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/>.
- ↑ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry; IUPAC Recommendations 2005; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2005; pp 68–82. ISBN 0-85404-438-8, <http://www.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf>.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry; IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004; IUPAC, 2004; pp 47–50, <http://old.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/favre_310305.html>.
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