Difference between revisions of "Potassium iodate"

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'''Potassium iodate''', KIO<sub>3</sub>, is a common [[iodine]] compound. It is used for the prophylaxis of [[iodine deficiency]],<ref>{{citation | journal = Lancet | volume = 295 | pages = 489–92 | year = 1970 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)91578-3 | title = Goitre Prophylaxis by Addition of Potassium Iodate to Bread | first1 = F. W. | last1 = Clements | first2 = H. B. | last2 = Gibson | first3 = J. F. | last3 = Howeler-Coy}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | title = Assessment of the iodine concentration in table salt at the production stage in South Africa | first = Pieter L. | last = Jooste | journal = Bull. W. H. O. | year = 2003 | volume = 81 | issue = 7 | pages = 517–21 | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/2003/Vol81-No7/bulletin_2003_81%287%29_517-521.pdf}}.</ref> in [[radiological protection]] and in [[analytical chemistry]]. It has also been used as a [[flour treatment agent]], although this is no longer recommended.
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'''Potassium iodate''', KIO<sub>3</sub>, is a common [[iodine]] compound. It is used for the prophylaxis of [[iodine deficiency]],<ref>{{citation | journal = Lancet | volume = 295 | pages = 489–92 | year = 1970 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)91578-3 | title = Goitre Prophylaxis by Addition of Potassium Iodate to Bread | first1 = F. W. | last1 = Clements | first2 = H. B. | last2 = Gibson | first3 = J. F. | last3 = Howeler-Coy}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | title = Assessment of the iodine concentration in table salt at the production stage in South Africa | first = Pieter L. | last = Jooste | journal = Bull. W. H. O. | year = 2003 | volume = 81 | issue = 7 | pages = 517–21 | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/2003/Vol81-No7/bulletin_2003_81%287%29_517-521.pdf}}.</ref> in [[radiological protection]] and in [[analytical chemistry]]. It has also been used as a [[flour treatment agent]],<ref>{{citation | inventor1-last = Endo | inventor1-first = Shigeru | inventor2-last = Negishi | inventor2-first = Yoshie | inventor3-last = Shiiba | inventor3-first Kiwamu | assignee = Nisshin Flour Milling Co. | title = New modified gluten product and bread improver composition | country-code = US | patent-number = 4871577 | issue-date = 1989-10-03}}.</ref> although this is no longer recommended.
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==Preparation==
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Potassium iodate is commercially available in both reagent and analytical grades. It may be prepared by the reaction of elemental [[iodine]] with a concentrated aqueous solution of [[potassium hydroxide]]: at appropriate concentrations, the potassium iodate will precipitate leaving the by-product [[potassium iodide]] in solution.<ref>{{citation | inventor-last = Behrman | inventor-first = Abraham Sidney | title = Process for the preparation of iodides | country-code = US | patent-number = 2800390 | issue-date = 1957-07-23}}.</ref>
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:I<sub>2</sub> + 6 KOH &rarr; KIO<sub>3</sub> + 5 KI + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O
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Potassium iodate can also be prepared by the high-pressure oxidation of KI with [[oxygen]] at 600&nbsp;°C or by the reaction of elemental iodine with [[potassium chlorate]].<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=1010}}.</ref>
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:2 KI + 3 O<sub>2</sub> &rarr; 2 KIO<sub>3</sub>
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:I<sub>2</sub> + 2 KClO<sub>3</sub> &rarr; 2 KIO<sub>3</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub>
  
 
==Notes and references==
 
==Notes and references==

Revision as of 16:31, 9 September 2010

Potassium iodate
IUPAC name potassium iodate
Identifiers
InChI InChI=1/HIO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-REWHXWOFAL
Standard InChI InChI=1S/HIO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
Standard InChIKey JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CAS number [7758-05-6]
ChemSpider 22856
Properties[1]
Chemical formula KIO3
Molar mass 214.00 g mol−1
Appearance white crystals
Density 3.93 g cm−3
Solubility in water 4.74 g/100 ml (0 °C)
Structure[2]
Space group P1 (No. 1)
Lattice constant a = 769.82(4) pm, b = 765.97(2) pm, c = 769.12(5) pm, α = 108.999(5)°, β = 109.745(2)°, γ = 109.085(5)°
Hazards[3]
EU index number not listed
GHS pictograms Ox. Sol. 2Acute Tox. 4 (oral)
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H272, H302
GHS precautionary statements P210, P220, P221, P264, P270, P280, P301+312, P330, P370+378, P501
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions Potassium iodide
Potassium periodate
Other cations Lithium iodate
Sodium iodate
Rubidium iodate
Caesium iodate
Other compounds Potassium biiodate
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Potassium iodate
IUPAC name potassium hydrogen bis(iodate)
Identifiers
InChI InChI=1/2HIO3.K/c2*2-1(3)4;/h2*(H,2,3,4);/q;;+1/p-1
InChIKey ACAYDTMSDROWHW-REWHXWOFAC
Standard InChI InChI=1S/2HIO3.K/c2*2-1(3)4;/h2*(H,2,3,4);/q;;+1/p-1
Standard InChIKey ACAYDTMSDROWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CAS number [13455-24-8]
EC number 236-650-9
ChemSpider 2341255
Properties[1]
Chemical formula KIO3·HIO3
Molar mass 389.91 g mol−1
Appearance white crystals
Solubility in water 1.33 g/100 ml (15 °C)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Potassium iodate, KIO3, is a common iodine compound. It is used for the prophylaxis of iodine deficiency,[4][5] in radiological protection and in analytical chemistry. It has also been used as a flour treatment agent,[6] although this is no longer recommended.

Preparation

Potassium iodate is commercially available in both reagent and analytical grades. It may be prepared by the reaction of elemental iodine with a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide: at appropriate concentrations, the potassium iodate will precipitate leaving the by-product potassium iodide in solution.[7]

I2 + 6 KOH → KIO3 + 5 KI + 3 H2O

Potassium iodate can also be prepared by the high-pressure oxidation of KI with oxygen at 600 °C or by the reaction of elemental iodine with potassium chlorate.[8]

2 KI + 3 O2 → 2 KIO3
I2 + 2 KClO3 → 2 KIO3 + Cl2

Notes and references

Notes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; pp B-133, B-134. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
  2. ↑ Lucas, B. W. Structure (neutron) of potassium iodate at 100 and 10 K. Acta Crystallogr. 1985, C41, 1388–91. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270185007880.
  3. ↑ HSNO Chemical Classification Information Database, <http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/Chemicals/ChemicalDisplay.aspx?SubstanceID=1913> (accessed 9 September 2010), New Zealand Environmental Risk Management Authority.
  4. ↑ Clements, F. W.; Gibson, H. B.; Howeler-Coy, J. F. Goitre Prophylaxis by Addition of Potassium Iodate to Bread. Lancet 1970, 295, 489–92. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)91578-3.
  5. ↑ Jooste, Pieter L. Assessment of the iodine concentration in table salt at the production stage in South Africa. Bull. W. H. O. 2003, 81 (7), 517–21, <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/2003/Vol81-No7/bulletin_2003_81%287%29_517-521.pdf>.
  6. ↑ Endo, Shigeru; Negishi, Yoshie; Shiiba (Nisshin Flour Milling Co.) New modified gluten product and bread improver composition. US Patent 4871577, issued 3 October 1989.
  7. ↑ Behrman, Abraham Sidney Process for the preparation of iodides. US Patent 2800390, issued 23 July 1957.
  8. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; p 1010. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.

External links

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