Difference between revisions of "Sulfur dichloride"
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| Density = 1.621 g cm<sup>−3</sup> | | Density = 1.621 g cm<sup>−3</sup> | ||
| MeltingPt = −122 °C | | MeltingPt = −122 °C | ||
| − | | BoilingPt = | + | | BoilingPt = 59 °C ''decomp.'' |
| Solubility = reacts violently | | Solubility = reacts violently | ||
}} | }} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related | | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | ||
| + | | OtherCation = [[Tellurium dichloride]]<br/>[[Polonium dichloride]] | ||
| + | | OtherAnion = [[Sulfur difluoride]]<br/>[[Sulfur dibromide]]<br/>[[Sulfur diiodide]] | ||
| OtherFunctn = [[Disulfur dichloride]]<br/>[[Sulfur tetrachloride]]<br/>[[Thionyl chloride]]<br/>[[Sulfuryl chloride]] | | OtherFunctn = [[Disulfur dichloride]]<br/>[[Sulfur tetrachloride]]<br/>[[Thionyl chloride]]<br/>[[Sulfuryl chloride]] | ||
| Function = [[chlorides of sulfur]] | | Function = [[chlorides of sulfur]] | ||
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:S<sub>8</sub> + 4 Cl<sub>2</sub> → 4 S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> | :S<sub>8</sub> + 4 Cl<sub>2</sub> → 4 S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> | ||
:S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2 SCl<sub>2</sub> | :S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2 SCl<sub>2</sub> | ||
| − | Sulfur dichloride is often contaminated with S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, but can be stabilized with a small amount of [[phosphorus pentachloride]]. It is purified by distillation, often as an [[azeotrope]] with [[phosphorus trichloride]] (99% SCl<sub>2</sub>).<ref name=" | + | Sulfur dichloride is often contaminated with S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, but can be stabilized with a small amount of [[phosphorus pentachloride]].<ref name="G&E"/> It is purified by distillation, often as an [[azeotrope]] with [[phosphorus trichloride]] (99% SCl<sub>2</sub>).<ref name="Bishop">{{OrgSynth | last = Bishop | first = Roger | title = 9-Thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione | volume = 70 | pages = 120 | collvol = 9 | collvolpages = 692 | year = 1992 | prep = cv9p0692}}.</ref> |
==Reactions== | ==Reactions== | ||
| + | Sulfur dichloride is used as a precursor to [[organosulfur compound]]s, as it adds easily to C=C double bonds:<ref name="Bishop"/> a well-known example is in the manufacture of [[mustard gas]] from SCl<sub>2</sub> and [[ethylene]].<ref name="G&E"/> | ||
| + | :SCl<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2C=CH<sub>2</sub> → ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl | ||
==Notes and references== | ==Notes and references== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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| − | |||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 18:06, 17 September 2010
| Sulfur dichloride | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | sulfur dichloride |
| Other names | dichlorosulfane |
| Identifiers | |
| InChI | InChI=1/Cl2S/c1-3-2 |
| InChIKey | FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYAS |
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/Cl2S/c1-3-2 |
| Standard InChIKey | FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Properties[1] | |
| Chemical formula | SCl2 |
| Molar mass | 102.97 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | red liquid |
| Density | 1.621 g cm−3 |
| Melting point |
−122 °C |
| Boiling point |
59 °C decomp. |
| Solubility in water | reacts violently |
| Structure[1] | |
| Molecular geometry | bent |
| Thermochemistry[2] | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−49.79 kJ mol−1 |
| Standard molar entropy S |
183.68 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Hazards[3] | |
| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) | ICSC |
| EU index number | 016-013-00-X |
| GHS pictograms |   
|
| GHS signal word | DANGER |
| GHS hazard statements | H314, H335, H400 |
| Related compounds | |
| Other chlorides of sulfur | Disulfur dichloride Sulfur tetrachloride Thionyl chloride Sulfuryl chloride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Sulfur dichloride, SCl2, is the highest thermally stable chloride of sulfur. It is also the first in a homologous series of dichlorosulfanes, SnCl2.
Contents
Preparation and purification
Sulfur dichloride is prepared by the chlorination of elemental sulfur, with disulfur dichloride as an intermediate.
- S8 + 4 Cl2 → 4 S2Cl2
- S2Cl2 + Cl2 → 2 SCl2
Sulfur dichloride is often contaminated with S2Cl2, but can be stabilized with a small amount of phosphorus pentachloride.[1] It is purified by distillation, often as an azeotrope with phosphorus trichloride (99% SCl2).[4]
Reactions
Sulfur dichloride is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds, as it adds easily to C=C double bonds:[4] a well-known example is in the manufacture of mustard gas from SCl2 and ethylene.[1]
- SCl2 + 2H2C=CH2 → ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 815–16. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Sulfur dichloride. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3DInChI=1S/Cl2S/c1-3-2>. (accessed 17 September 2010).
- ↑ Index no. 013-003-00-7 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 366.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bishop, Roger 9-Thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione. Org. Synth. 1992, 70, 120, <http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=cv9p0692>; Coll. Vol., 9, 692.
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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