Difference between revisions of "Boron trifluoride"

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(Created page with ''''Boron trifluoride''', BF<sub>3</sub>, is a colourless, toxic gas. It is used as a strong Lewis acid in organic synthesis, either as the gas or (more usually) as an add…')
 
 
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'''Boron trifluoride''', BF<sub>3</sub>, is a colourless, toxic gas. It is used as a strong [[Lewis acid]] in [[organic synthesis]], either as the gas or (more usually) as an adduct with a weak [[Lewis base]] such as [[diethyl ether]] or [[dimethyl sulfide]].
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{{chembox
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|  Name = Boron trifluoride
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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|  ChemSpiderID = 6116
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|  InChI=1/BF3/c2-1(3)4
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|  InChIKey = WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYAW
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|  StdInChI = 1S/BF3/c2-1(3)4
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|  StdInChIKey = WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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|  CASNo = 7637-07-2
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|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
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|  EINECS = 231-569-5
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|  RTECS = ED2275000
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|  UNNumber = 1008
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  }}
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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|  Reference = <ref name="RubberBible">{{RubberBible62nd|page=B-84}}.</ref><ref name="AirLiquide">{{AirLiquide | name = Boron trifluoride | id = 68 | accessdate = 2010-06-21}}.</ref>
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|  Formula = BF<sub>3</sub>
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|  MolarMass = 67.806 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|  Appearance = colourless gas
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|  Density = 2.84 kg m<sup>−3</sup>
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|  Solubility = reacts violently
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|  MeltingPt = −126.7 °C (146.4 K)
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|  BoilingPt = −100.3 °C (172.8 K)
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|  CriticalPt = −12.3 °C, 49.85 bar
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  }}
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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|  MolShape = [[Trigonal planar molecular geometry|Trigonal planar]] (''D''<sub>3h</sub>)
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|  Dipole = zero
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  }}
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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|  Reference = <ref name="AirLiquide"/><ref name="NIST">{{NIST chemistry|id=1S/BF3/c2-1(3)4|name=Borane, trifluoro-|accessdate=2010-06-21}}.</ref>
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|  DeltaHf = –1136.0(8) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|  Entropy = 254.42(20) J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>
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|  HeatCapacity = 50 J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>
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|  HeatVapor = 278.39 kJ kg<sup>−1</sup> at b.p.
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  }}
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
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|  Reference = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=005-001-00-X|page=341}}</ref><ref>{{PGCH-ref|id=0062|name=Boron trifluoride}}.</ref>
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|  EUIndex = 005-001-00-X
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|  MSDS = {{ICSC-small|0231}}
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|  GHSPictograms =  {{GHS04|Press. Gas}}{{GHS06|Acute Tox. 2}}{{GHS05|Skin Corr. 1A}}
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|  GHSSignalWord = DANGER
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|  HPhrases = {{H-phrases|330|314}} <ref group="note">Within the European Union, the following additional hazard statement (EUH014) must also be displayed on labelling: Reacts violently with water.</ref>
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|  FlashPt = non-flammable
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|  PEL = 1 ppm ceiling ({{nowrap|3 mg m<sup>−3</sup>}})
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  }}
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
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|  OtherAnions = [[Boron trichloride]]<br/>[[Boron tribromide]]<br/>[[Boron triiodide]]
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|  OtherCations = [[Aluminium fluoride]]<br/>[[Gallium fluoride]]<br/>[[Indium fluoride]]<br/>[[Thallium fluoride]]
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  }}
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}}
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{{FixBunching|mid}}
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{{chembox
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|  Name = Boron trifluoride dihydrate
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|  IUPACName = boron trifluoride — water (1:2)
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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|  InChI=1/BF3.2H2O/c2-1(3)4;;/h;2*1H2
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|  ChemSpiderID = 55500
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|  CASNo = 13319-75-0
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|  RTECS = ED2275000
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|  UNNumber = 2851
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  }}
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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|  Reference = <ref name="RubberBible"/>
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|  Formula = BF<sub>3</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O
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|  MolarMass = 103.84 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|  Appearance = colourless liquid
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|  MeltingPt = 6 °C
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|  Density = 1.6316 g cm<sup>−3</sup>
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|  Solubility = reacts
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|  RefractIndex = 1.3150
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  }}
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}}
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{{FixBunching|end}}
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'''Boron trifluoride''', BF<sub>3</sub>, is a colourless, toxic gas. It is widely used in the manufacture of [[semiconductor]] devices, to introduce trace quantities of [[boron]] into the [[silicon]] as [[P-type semiconductor|p-type dopant]].<ref name="AirLiquide"/> It is also used as a [[Lewis acid]] in [[organic synthesis]], either as the gas or (more usually) as an adduct with a weak [[Lewis base]] such as [[diethyl ether]] or [[dimethyl sulfide]].
  
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==References==
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==Notes and references==
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===Notes===
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{{reflist|group=note}}
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===References===
 
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[[Category:Fluorides]]
 
[[Category:Fluorides]]
 
[[Category:Nonmetal halides]]
 
[[Category:Nonmetal halides]]
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[[Category:Reagents for organic chemistry]]
  
 
{{CC-BY-3.0}}
 
{{CC-BY-3.0}}

Latest revision as of 05:44, 22 June 2010

Boron trifluoride
Identifiers
InChI InChI=1/BF3/c2-1(3)4
InChIKey WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYAW
Standard InChI InChI=1S/BF3/c2-1(3)4
Standard InChIKey WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS number [7637-07-2]
EC number 231-569-5
UN number 1008
RTECS ED2275000
ChemSpider 6116
Properties[1][2]
Chemical formula BF3
Molar mass 67.806 g mol−1
Appearance colourless gas
Density 2.84 kg m−3
Melting point

−126.7 °C (146.4 K)

Boiling point

−100.3 °C (172.8 K)

Critical point −12.3 °C, 49.85 bar
Solubility in water reacts violently
Structure
Molecular geometry Trigonal planar (D3h)
Dipole moment zero
Thermochemistry[2][3]
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298 –1136.0(8) kJ mol−1
Standard molar entropy So298 254.42(20) J K–1 mol–1
Specific heat capacity C 50 J K–1 mol–1
Std enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapHo298 278.39 kJ kg−1 at b.p.
Hazards[4][5]
Material safety data sheet (MSDS) ICSC 0231
EU index number 005-001-00-X
GHS pictograms Press. GasAcute Tox. 2Skin Corr. 1A
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H330, H314 [note 1]
Flash point non-flammable
PEL (U.S.) 1 ppm ceiling (3 mg m−3)
Related compounds
Other anions Boron trichloride
Boron tribromide
Boron triiodide
Other cations Aluminium fluoride
Gallium fluoride
Indium fluoride
Thallium fluoride
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Boron trifluoride dihydrate
IUPAC name boron trifluoride — water (1:2)
Identifiers
InChI InChI=1/BF3.2H2O/c2-1(3)4;;/h;2*1H2
CAS number [13319-75-0]
UN number 2851
RTECS ED2275000
ChemSpider 55500
Properties[1]
Chemical formula BF3·2H2O
Molar mass 103.84 g mol−1
Appearance colourless liquid
Density 1.6316 g cm−3
Melting point

6 °C

Solubility in water reacts
Refractive index (nD) 1.3150
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Boron trifluoride, BF3, is a colourless, toxic gas. It is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, to introduce trace quantities of boron into the silicon as p-type dopant.[2] It is also used as a Lewis acid in organic synthesis, either as the gas or (more usually) as an adduct with a weak Lewis base such as diethyl ether or dimethyl sulfide.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ Within the European Union, the following additional hazard statement (EUH014) must also be displayed on labelling: Reacts violently with water.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; p B-84. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Boron trifluoride. In Gas Encyclopedia; Air Liquide, <http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=68>. (accessed 21 June 2010).
  3. ↑ Borane, trifluoro-. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/BF3/c2-1(3)4>. (accessed 21 June 2010).
  4. ↑ Index no. 005-001-00-X of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 341.
  5. ↑ Boron trifluoride. In Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-149; Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2005. ISBN 9780160727511, <http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0062.html>.

External links

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