Difference between revisions of "Kaurane"

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The stereochemistry of the six chiral centres is defined by convention: however, IUPAC and CAS use different conventional stereochemistry, which also leads to a slight difference in numbering between the two systems. IUPAC conventional kaurane has (5''S'',8''S'',9''S'',10''S'',13''S'',15''R'')-stereochemistry, and is drawn with the five-membered ring receding into the plane of the image.<ref name="IUPAC">{{IUPAC natural products 1999}}.</ref> CAS conventional kaurane has (5''S'',8''R'',9''S'',10''S'',13''R'',15''R'')-stereochemistry, and is drawn with the five-membered ring protruding from the plane of the image.<ref name="CAS">{{citation | contribution = 57817-89-7 – Kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, 13-&#91;(2-''O''-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl)oxy&#93;-, β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl ester, (4α)- | url = http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=57817-89-7 | title = Common Chemistry | publisher = Chemical Abstracts Service | accessdate = 2009-09-05}}.</ref> Carbon-19 (one of the two methyl groups attached to carbon-4) is on the same side of the molecule as the five-membered ring in both systems: hence it is receding into the plane of the image in IUPAC nomenclature and protruding from the plane of the image in CAS nomenclature.
 
The stereochemistry of the six chiral centres is defined by convention: however, IUPAC and CAS use different conventional stereochemistry, which also leads to a slight difference in numbering between the two systems. IUPAC conventional kaurane has (5''S'',8''S'',9''S'',10''S'',13''S'',15''R'')-stereochemistry, and is drawn with the five-membered ring receding into the plane of the image.<ref name="IUPAC">{{IUPAC natural products 1999}}.</ref> CAS conventional kaurane has (5''S'',8''R'',9''S'',10''S'',13''R'',15''R'')-stereochemistry, and is drawn with the five-membered ring protruding from the plane of the image.<ref name="CAS">{{citation | contribution = 57817-89-7 – Kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, 13-&#91;(2-''O''-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl)oxy&#93;-, β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl ester, (4α)- | url = http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=57817-89-7 | title = Common Chemistry | publisher = Chemical Abstracts Service | accessdate = 2009-09-05}}.</ref> Carbon-19 (one of the two methyl groups attached to carbon-4) is on the same side of the molecule as the five-membered ring in both systems: hence it is receding into the plane of the image in IUPAC nomenclature and protruding from the plane of the image in CAS nomenclature.
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The name ''ent''-kaurane is sometimes used to refer to the CAS conventional kaurane and so to distinguish it from the IUPAC stereochemistry. It is also possible to explicitly specify the stereochemistry at carbons 8 and 13, giving:
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*(8''S'',13''S'')-kaurane (IUPAC conventional)
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*(8''R'',13''R'')-kaurane (CAS conventional)
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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==Further reading==
 
==Further reading==
*{{citation | author = Jeong-Hyung Lee, Tae Hyeon Koo, Bang Yeon Hwang, and Jung Joon Lee | title = Kaurane Diterpene, Kamebakaurin, Inhibits NF-kappa B by Directly Targeting the DNA-binding Activity of p50 and Blocks the Expression of Antiapoptotic NF-kappa B Target Genes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 21 | pages = 18411–20 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201368200}}.
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*{{citation | first1 = Jeong-Hyung | last1 = Lee | first2 = Tae Hyeon | last2 = Koo | first3 = Bang Yeon | last3 = Hwang | first4 = Jung Joon | last4 = Lee | title = Kaurane Diterpene, Kamebakaurin, Inhibits NF-kappa B by Directly Targeting the DNA-binding Activity of p50 and Blocks the Expression of Antiapoptotic NF-kappa B Target Genes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 21 | pages = 18411–20 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201368200}}.
*{{citation | author = Fumihiro Nagashima, Hironao Tanaka, Shigeru Takaoka and Yoshinori Asakawa | title = ''Ent''-kaurane-type diterpenoids from the liverwort ''Jungermannia exsertifolia'' ssp. ''cordifolia'' | journal = Phytochemistry | volume = 41 | issue = 4 | year = 1996 | pages = 1129–41 | doi = 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00755-5}}.
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*{{citation | first1 = Fumihiro | last1 = Nagashima | first2 = Hironao | last2 = Tanaka | first3 = Shigeru | last3 = Takaoka | first4 = Yoshinori | last4 = Asakawa | title = ''Ent''-kaurane-type diterpenoids from the liverwort ''Jungermannia exsertifolia'' ssp. ''cordifolia'' | journal = Phytochemistry | volume = 41 | issue = 4 | year = 1996 | pages = 1129–41 | doi = 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00755-5}}.
*{{citation | author = Ronan Batista; Pablo A. García; Maria A. Castro; José M. Miguel del Corral; Arturo San Feliciano; Alaíde B. de Oliveira | title = New oxidized ''ent''-kaurane and ''ent''-norkaurane derivatives from kaurenoic acid | journal = J. Braz. Chem. Soc. | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | year = 2007 | pages = 622–27 | doi =  10.1590/S0103-50532007000300020}}.
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*{{citation | first1 = Ronan | last1 = Batista | first2 = Pablo A. | last2 = García | first3 = Maria A. | last3 = Castro | first4 = José M. Miguel | last4 = del Corral | first5 = Arturo | last5 = San Feliciano | first6 = Alaíde B. | last6 = de Oliveira | title = New oxidized ''ent''-kaurane and ''ent''-norkaurane derivatives from kaurenoic acid | journal = J. Braz. Chem. Soc. | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | year = 2007 | pages = 622–27 | doi =  10.1590/S0103-50532007000300020}}.
*{{citation | title = Three New Cytotoxic ''ent''-Kaurane Diterpenoids from ''Isodon weisiensis'' C. Y. Wu | author = Z.-J. Zhang, L. Ding | journal = Helv. Chim. Acta | volume = 88 | issue = 9 | year = 2005 | pages = 2502–7}}.
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*{{citation | title = Three New Cytotoxic ''ent''-Kaurane Diterpenoids from ''Isodon weisiensis'' C. Y. Wu | first1 = Z.-J. | last1 = Zhang | first2 = L. | last2 = Ding | journal = Helv. Chim. Acta | volume = 88 | issue = 9 | year = 2005 | pages = 2502–7}}.
*{{citation | author = NAGASHIMA Fumihiro; KONDOH Masuo; UEMATSU Toshinari; NISHIYAMA Akiko; SAITO Sayaka; SATO Masao; ASAKAWA Yoshinori | title = Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing ''ent''-kaurane-type diterpenoids from the Japanese liverwort ''Jungermannia truncata'' nees | journal = Chem. Pharm. Bull. | year = 2002 | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 808–13}}.
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*{{citation | last1 = Nagashima | first1 = Fumihiro | last2 = Kondoh | first2 = Masuo | last3 = Uematsu | first3 = Toshinari | last4 = Nishiyama | first4 = Akiko | last5 = Saito | first5 = Sayaka | last6 = Sato | first6 = Masao | last7 = Asakawa | first7 = Yoshinori | title = Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing ''ent''-kaurane-type diterpenoids from the Japanese liverwort ''Jungermannia truncata'' nees | journal = Chem. Pharm. Bull. | year = 2002 | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 808–13}}.
*{{citation | title = 16α,19-Diacetoxy-''ent''-kaurane, a New Natural Diterpene from the Exudate of ''Ozothamnus scutellifolius'' (Asteraceae) | author = Fco. Javier Arriaga-Giner, Angel Rumbero and Eckhard Wollenweber | journal = Z. Naturforsch. | volume = 54c | pages = 602–4 | year = 1999}}.
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*{{citation | first1 = Francisco Javier | last1 = Arriaga-Giner | first2 = Angel | last2 = Rumbero | first3 = Eckhard | last3 = Wollenweber | title = 16α,19-Diacetoxy-''ent''-kaurane, a New Natural Diterpene from the Exudate of ''Ozothamnus scutellifolius'' (Asteraceae) | journal = Z. Naturforsch. | volume = 54c | pages = 602–4 | year = 1999}}.
*{{citation | title = Kaurane Diterpenoids from Three ''Sideritis'' Species | url = http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/issues/kim-05-29-1/kim-29-1-7-0402-1.pdf | first1 = Maurizio | last1 = Bruno | first2 = Franco | last2 = Piozzi | first3 = Nelly Apostolides | last3 = Arnold | first4 = K. Hüsnü Can | last4 = Başer | first5 = Nurhayat | last5 = Tabanca | first6 = Neşe | last6 = Kirimer | journal = Turk. J. Chem. | volume = 29 | year = 2005 | pages = 61–64}}.
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*{{citation | first1 = Maurizio | last1 = Bruno | first2 = Franco | last2 = Piozzi | first3 = Nelly Apostolides | last3 = Arnold | first4 = K. Hüsnü Can | last4 = Başer | first5 = Nurhayat | last5 = Tabanca | first6 = Neşe | last6 = Kirimer | title = Kaurane Diterpenoids from Three ''Sideritis'' Species | url = http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/issues/kim-05-29-1/kim-29-1-7-0402-1.pdf | journal = Turk. J. Chem. | volume = 29 | year = 2005 | pages = 61–64}}.
*{{citation | author = Zhao, Yong (Y); Pu, Jian-Xin (JX); Huang, Sheng-Xiong (SX); Ding, Li-Sheng (LS); Wu, Ying-Li (YL); Li, Xian (X); Yang, Li-Bin (LB); Xiao, Wei-Lie (WL); Chen, Guo-Qiang (GQ); Sun, Han-Dong (HD) | title = ''ent''-Kaurane diterpenoids from ''Isodon pharicus'' | journal = J. Nat. Prod. | year = 2009 | volume = 72 | issue = 6 | pages = 988–93 | pmid = 19425589}}.
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*{{citation | last1 = Zhao | first1 = Yong | last2 = Pu | first2 = Jian-Xin | last3 = Huang | first3 = Sheng-Xiong | last4 = Ding | first4 = Li-Sheng | last5 = Wu | first5 = Ying-Li | last6 = Li | first6 = Xian | last7 = Yang | first7 = Li-Bin | last8 = Xiao | first8 = Wei-Lie | last9 = Chen | first9 = Guo-Qiang | last10 = Sun | first10 = Han-Dong | title = ''ent''-Kaurane diterpenoids from ''Isodon pharicus'' | journal = J. Nat. Prod. | year = 2009 | volume = 72 | issue = 6 | pages = 988–93 | pmid = 19425589}}.
*{{citation | author = Kim, Ki Hyun (KH); Choi, Sang Un (SU); Lee, Kang Ro | title = Diterpene glycosides from the seeds of ''Pharbitis nil'' | journal = J. Nat. Prod. | year = 2009 | volume = 72 | issue = 6 | pages = 1121–27 | pmid = 19435339}}.
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*{{citation | last1 = Kim | first1 = Ki Hyun | last2 = Choi | first2 = Sang Un | last3 = Lee | first3 = Kang Ro | title = Diterpene glycosides from the seeds of ''Pharbitis nil'' | journal = J. Nat. Prod. | year = 2009 | volume = 72 | issue = 6 | pages = 1121–27 | pmid = 19435339}}.
*{{citation | title = An efficient microwave-assisted extraction process of stevioside and rebaudioside-A from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) | author = Jaitak, Vikas (V); Bikram Singh, Bandna (B); Kaul, V K | journal = Phytochem. Anal. | year = 2009 | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 240–45 | pmid = 19358287}}.
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*{{citation | title = An efficient microwave-assisted extraction process of stevioside and rebaudioside-A from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) | last1 = Jaitak | first1 = Vikas | last2 = Bikram Singh | first2 = Bandna | last3 = Kaul | first3 = V. K. | journal = Phytochem. Anal. | year = 2009 | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 240–45 | pmid = 19358287}}.
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

Revision as of 10:27, 5 September 2009

Kaurane is a parent hydride used in the IUPAC nomenclature of natural products and also, distinctly, in CAS nomenclature. It is a diterpene with a rigid four-ring structure and six chiral centres.

The stereochemistry of the six chiral centres is defined by convention: however, IUPAC and CAS use different conventional stereochemistry, which also leads to a slight difference in numbering between the two systems. IUPAC conventional kaurane has (5S,8S,9S,10S,13S,15R)-stereochemistry, and is drawn with the five-membered ring receding into the plane of the image.[1] CAS conventional kaurane has (5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,15R)-stereochemistry, and is drawn with the five-membered ring protruding from the plane of the image.[2] Carbon-19 (one of the two methyl groups attached to carbon-4) is on the same side of the molecule as the five-membered ring in both systems: hence it is receding into the plane of the image in IUPAC nomenclature and protruding from the plane of the image in CAS nomenclature.

The name ent-kaurane is sometimes used to refer to the CAS conventional kaurane and so to distinguish it from the IUPAC stereochemistry. It is also possible to explicitly specify the stereochemistry at carbons 8 and 13, giving:

  • (8S,13S)-kaurane (IUPAC conventional)
  • (8R,13R)-kaurane (CAS conventional)

References

Further reading

External links

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