Thorium(IV) fluoride
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| Thorium(IV) fluoride | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Thorium tetrafluoride |
| Identifiers | |
| InChI | InChI=1/4FH.Th/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 |
| InChIKey | MZQZQKZKTGRQCG-XBHQNQODAV |
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/4FH.Th/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 |
| Standard InChIKey | MZQZQKZKTGRQCG-UHFFFAOYSA-J |
| CAS number | [] |
| EC number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Properties[1] | |
| Chemical formula | ThF4 |
| Molar mass | 308.03 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | white solid |
| Density | 6.32 g cm−3 |
| Solubility in water | 0.017 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Structure[2] | |
| Crystal structure | Zirconium tetrafluoride |
| Space group | P2/c |
| Lattice constant | a = 1304.9 pm, b = 1112.0 pm, c = 853.8 pm, α = 90°, β = 126.30°, γ = 90° |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Thorium(IV) chloride Thorium(IV) brimide Thorium(IV) iodide |
| Other cations | Protactinium(IV) fluoride Uranium(IV) fluoride Zirconium(IV) fluoride Hafnium(IV) fluoride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Thorium(IV) fluoride, ThF4, is the only known fluoride of thorium.[3][note 1] A hydrated form is precipitated by the addition of fluoride to solutions of thorium salts,[6][7] but this is very difficult to dehydrate without hydrolysis to the oxofluoride ThOF2.[3][8] The anhydrous compound can be prepared by the action of fluorine on thorium metal or thorium carbide,[9] or by the action of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride on various thorium compounds.[10][11] Ammonium hydrogendifluoride, NH4HF2 will react with thorium dioxide to give the ternary fluoride NH4ThF5: this decomposes at 300 °C to give ThF4.[12]
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ Although thorium(III) fluoride (ThF3, CAS number 13842-84-7, standard InChIKey NFUSRTKFVSVVEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K) is sometimes mentioned, by analogy with zirconium(III) fluoride, attempts to prepare it have been unsuccessful.[4][5]
References
- ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; p B-157. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
- ↑ Benner, G.; Müller, B. G. Zur Kenntnis binärer Fluoride des ZrF4-Typs: HfF4 und ThF4. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1990, 588 (1), 33–42. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19905880105.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wickleder, Mathias S.; Fourest, Blandine; Dorhout, Peter K. Thorium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 1, Chapter 3, pp 52–160. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/thorium.pdf>.
- ↑ Warf, James C. Attempted Preparation of Thorium(III) Fluoride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74 (7), 1864–65. DOI: 10.1021/ja01127a521.
- ↑ Ehrlich, Paul; Plöger, Fritz; Koch, Ernst; Kaupa, Gustav Über Zirkonium(III)-fluorid. Versuche zur Darstellung von Thorium(III)-fluorid. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1964, 333 (4–6), 209–15. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19643330407.
- ↑ Berzelius, J. J. Undersökning af ett nytt mineral (Thorit), som innehåller en förut obekant jord. K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 1829, 9, 1–30; Untersuchung eines neuen Minerals und einer darin enthaltenen zuvor unbekannten Erde. Ann. Phys. Chem. 1829, 92 (7), 385–415. DOI: 10.1002/andp.18290920702.
- ↑ Chydenius, J. J. Kemish undersökning af Thorjord ach Thorsalter; Helsingfors, 1861; Ueber die Thorerde und deren Verbindungen, 1863; Vol. 195, pp 43–56. DOI: 10.1002/andp.18631950505.
- ↑ Briggs, G. G.; Cavendish, J. H. Thorium Metal Production; National Lead Co.: Cincinnati, Ohio, 1971. AEC Report NLCO-1080.
- ↑ Moissan, Henri; Étard, A. Sur les carbures d'yttrium et de thorium. C. R. Hebd. Acad. Sci. Paris 1896, 122, 573–77, <http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30780/f575.image>. Moissan, H.; Étard, A. Preparation et propriétés du carbure et de la fonte de thorium. Ann. Chim. Phys., Ser. 7 1897, 12, 427–32, <http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k349121/f420.image.>.
- ↑ Lipkind, H.; Newton, A. S. In Production and Separation of U233: Collected Papers; Katzin, L. I., Ed.; National Nuclear Energy Series, Division IV; US Atomic Energy Commission: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1952; Vol. 17B, p 398. Report TID–5223.
- ↑ Newton, A. S.; Lipkind, H.; Keller, W. H.; Iliff, J. E. In Production and Separation of U233: Collected Papers; Katzin, L. I., Ed.; National Nuclear Energy Series, Division IV; US Atomic Energy Commission: Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1952; Vol. 17B, p 419. Report TID–5223.
- ↑ Asprey, L. B.; Haire, R. G. On the actinide tetrafluoride lattice parameters. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 1973, 9 (11), 1121–28. DOI: 10.1016/0020-1650(73)80017-0.
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