|
|
| Atomic properties |
|---|
| Atomic number |
9 |
|---|
| Standard atomic weight |
18.998 4032(5) |
|---|
| Electron configuration |
[He] 2s2 2p5 |
|---|
| Physical properties (F2)[1][2] |
|---|
| Melting point |
55.2(3) K (−218.0 °C) |
|---|
| Boiling point |
85.2(3) K (−188.0 °C) |
|---|
| Critical point |
144.3 K, 52.15 bar |
|---|
| Density |
1.59 kg m−3 (1 atm, 15 °C)
1.502 g cm−3 (l, 85.2 K) |
|---|
| Chemical properties[3][4] |
|---|
| Electronegativity |
3.98 (Pauling) |
|---|
| Solubility in water |
reacts violently |
|---|
| Ionization energies[5] |
|---|
| 1st |
17.422 816(50) eV,
1672.7634(48) kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| 2nd |
34.970 eV,
3374.1 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| 3rd |
62.707 eV,
650.3 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| 4th |
87.138 eV,
8407.5 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| 5th |
114.240 eV,
11 022.5 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| 6th |
157.161 eV,
15 163.7 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| 7th |
185.182 eV,
17 867.3 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| Electron affinity[4] |
|---|
3.447 eV
332.6 kJ mol−1 | | Atomic radii [6][7][8] |
|---|
| Covalent radius |
57 pm |
|---|
| Ionic radius |
119 pm (F−, Oh) |
|---|
| Van der Waals radius |
147 pm |
|---|
| Thermodynamic properties (F2)[9][2][4] |
|---|
| Standard entropy |
202.791(5) J K−1 mol−1 |
|---|
| Enthalpy change of atomization |
79.38(30) kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| Enthalpy change of fusion |
0.51 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| Enthalpy change of vaporization |
6.54 kJ mol−1 |
|---|
| Molar heat capacity (Cp) |
31 J K−1 mol−1 |
|---|
| Hazards[10] |
|---|
| GHS pictograms |
    |
|---|
| GHS signal word |
DANGER |
|---|
| GHS hazard statements |
H270, H330, H314 |
|---|
| Miscellaneous |
|---|
| CAS number |
7782-41-4 |
|---|
| EC number |
231-954-8 |
|---|
| Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C). | |
|
Fluorine (symbol: F) is a chemical element, the lightest of the halogens and the most electronegative of the elements.
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ Fluorine. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/F2/c1-2>. (accessed 22 September 2010).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fluorine. In Gas Encyclopedia; Air Liquide, <http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=84>. (accessed 22 September 2010).
- ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 920–1041. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
- ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
- ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
- ↑ Bondi, A. van der Waals Volumes and Radii. J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68 (3), 441–51. DOI: 10.1021/j100785a001.
- ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
- ↑ Index no. 009-001-00-0 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 362.
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