Lawrencium (symbol: Lr)[note 2] is a synthetic chemical element, the last of the actinoid series.[note 3]
Lawrencium was first prepared in 1961 by the team of Ghiorso et al. at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (now the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) in Berkeley, California,[3] and named (as is the laboratory) after Ernest Lawrence, the developer of the cyclotron. As a transfermium element, it cannot be prepared in weighable quantities: 256Lr (t½ = 26 s), the isotope used for the first definitive chemical studies, is prepared at a rate of about three atoms per minute by the 24998Cf(115B,4n)256103Lr reaction.[4]
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ The electron configuration of lawrencium is uncertain.[1]
- ↑ The symbol Lw was originally used for lawrencium, but this was changed to Lr by decision of IUPAC in 1963.
- ↑ Some authors consider lawrencium to be a transition metal and a member of group 3 of the periodic table. Whether or not this is the correct interpretation, Lr is (also) still an actinoid, by definition.[2]
References
- ↑ Silva, Robert J. Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 3, Chapter 13, pp 1621–51. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf>.
- ↑ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry; IUPAC Recommendations 2005; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2005; pp 51–52. ISBN 0-85404-438-8, <http://www.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf>.
- ↑ Ghiorso, Albert; Sikkeland, Torbjørn; Larsh, Almon E.; Latimer, Robert M. New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1961, 6 (9), 473–75. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.473.
- ↑ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria Transactinide Elements and Future Elements. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 3, Chapter 14, pp 1652–1753. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_14, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/transactinide.pdf>.
Further reading
- Hulet, E. K. Chemistry of the Heaviest Actinides: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium. In Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry and Spectroscopy; Edelstein, Norman M., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., 1980; Chapter 12, pp 239–63. ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 131. ISBN 9780841205680. DOI: 10.1021/bk-1980-0131.ch012.
External links
