Indium

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cadmium ← indium → tin
Ga
↑
In
↓
Tl
Atomic properties
Atomic number 49
Standard atomic weight 114.818(3)
Electron configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Physical properties[2]
Melting point 156.61 °C (429.76 K)[note 1]
Boiling point 2080 °C (2353 K)
Density 7.31 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity 8.37 µΩ cm
Chemical properties[2][3]
Electronegativity 1.78 (Pauling)
Solubility in water insoluble, unreactive
Ionization energies[4][5]
1st 5.786 360(7) eV
558.2989(7) kJ mol−1
2nd 18.8698 eV
1820.66 kJ mol−1
3rd 28.03 eV
2705 kJ mol−1
Electron affinity[6]
0.404(9) eV
39.0(9) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii[2][7][8]
Covalent radius 142 pm
Metallic radius 167 pm
Ionic radius 76 pm (In3+, Td)
94.0 pm (In3+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties[2]
Enthalpy change of fusion 3.26 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization 231.8 kJ mol−1
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7440-74-6
EC number 231-180-0
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Indium (symbol: In) is a chemical element in group 13 of the periodic table.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ The freezing point of indium is a defining point on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90), with a value of 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C).[1]

References

  1. ↑ Preston-Thomas, H. The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Metrologia 1990, 27 (1), 3–10. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002, as corrected by Preston-Thomas, H. Erratum: The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Metrologia 1990, 27 (2), 107. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/27/2/010.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 243–95. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  3. ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  4. ↑ Johansson, I.; Litzen, U. The term systems of the neutral gallium and indium atoms derived from new measurements in the infrared region. Ark. Fys. 1967, 34, 573.
  5. ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  6. ↑ Williams, W. W.; Carpenter, D. L.; Covington, A. M.; Thompson, J. S.; Kvale, T. J.; Seely, D. G. Fine-Structure-Resolved Laser Photodetachment Electron Spectroscopy of In−. Phys. Rev. A 1998, 58 (5), 3582–84. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.3582.
  7. ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  8. ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.

External links

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