Difference between revisions of "Data:First ionization energies of the elements"

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{{see|Ionization energy}}
 
{{see|Ionization energy}}
 +
Data are taken from the [[wavenumber]] compilation of Moore (1970)<ref name="Moore">{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref> unless otherwise noted, and converted using the 2006 [[CODATA recommended value]]s:<ref>{{CODATA 2006}}.</ref><ref group="note">Moore used the conversion factor 1&nbsp;cm<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;= {{nowrap|0.000 123 981 eV}}, which is 26&nbsp;ppm lower than the current value. Moore's value in [[electronvolt]]s are widely reprinted without correction.</ref>
 +
: 1 cm<sup>−1</sup> = 0.000 123 984 1875(31) eV = 0.011 903 713 931(12) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 5: Line 8:
 
! rowspan=2 | Element
 
! rowspan=2 | Element
 
! colspan=2 | [[Ionization energy]]
 
! colspan=2 | [[Ionization energy]]
−
! rowspan=2 | Ref.
+
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Ref.
 
|-
 
|-
 
! (eV)
 
! (eV)
Line 12: Line 15:
 
| 1
 
| 1
 
| [[Hydrogen]]
 
| [[Hydrogen]]
−
| 13.598 44
+
| 13.598 432 44(36)
 +
| 1305.584 631(12)
 
|  
 
|  
−
| NIST
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2
 
| 2
 
| [[Helium]]
 
| [[Helium]]
−
| 24.587 41
+
| 24.587 3985(14)
 +
| 2360.634 56(12)
 
|  
 
|  
−
| NIST
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 3
 
| 3
 
| [[Lithium]]
 
| [[Lithium]]
−
| 5.391 72
+
| 5.391 718 96(64)
 +
| 517.658 593(60)
 
|  
 
|  
−
| NIST
+
|-
 +
| 4
 +
| [[Beryllium]]
 +
| 9.322 6277(13)
 +
| 895.064 89(12)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 5
 +
| [[Boron]]
 +
| 8.298 024(18)
 +
| 800.6377(17)
 +
| <ref>{{citation | first1 = B. | last1 = Edlén | first2 = A. | last2 = Ölme | first3 = G. | last3 = Herzberg | first4 = J. W. C. | last4 = Johns | title = Ionization Potential of Boron, and the Isotopic and Fine Structure of 2s2p<sup>2</sup> <sup>2</sup>''D'' | journal = J. Opt. Soc. Am. | volume = 60 | issue = 7 | pages = 889–91 | year = 1970 | doi = 10.1364/JOSA.60.000889}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last1 = Brown | first1 = C. M. | last2 = Tilford | first2 = S. G. | last3 = Ginter | first3 = M. L. | title = Absorption spectrum of B&nbsp;I in the 1350–1900-Å region | journal = J. Opt. Soc. Am. | year = 1974 | volume = 64 | issue = 6 | pages = 877–79 | doi = 10.1364/JOSA.64.000877}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 6
 +
| [[Carbon]]
 +
| 11.260 296(12)
 +
| 796.6930(12)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 7
 +
| [[Nitrogen]]
 +
| 14.534 096(12)
 +
| 1395.4176(12)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 8
 +
| [[Oxygen]]
 +
| 13.618 0537(74)
 +
| 1307.468 47(71)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 9
 +
| [[Fluorine]]
 +
| 17.422 816(50)
 +
| 1672.7634(48)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 10
 +
| [[Neon]]
 +
| 21.564 539(7)
 +
| 2080.6619(7)
 +
| <ref name="Moore"/><ref>{{citation | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = Victor | last2 = Minnhagen | first2 = Lennart | title = Accurate Ground-Term Combinations in Ne&nbsp;I | journal = J. Opt. Soc. Am. | year = 1972 | volume = 62 | issue = 1 | pages = 92–95 | doi = 10.1364/JOSA.62.000092}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 11
 +
| [[Sodium]]
 +
| 5.137 9515(37)
 +
| 493.295 10(36)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 89
 +
| [[Actinium]]
 +
| 5.3807(3)
 +
| 159.16(3)
 +
| <ref>{{citation | last1 = Backe | first1 = H. | last2 = Dretzke | first2 = A. | last3 = Eberhardt | first3 = K. | last4 = Fritzsche | first4 = S. | last5 = Kube | first5 = G. | last6 = Gwinner | first6 = G. | last7 = Haire | first7 = R. G. | last8 = Huber | first8 = G. | last9 = Waldek | first9 = A. | title = First Determination of the Ionization Potential of Actinium and First Observation of Optical Transitions in Fermium | journal = J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. | year = 2002 | pages = 86–89}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 90
 +
| [[Thorium]]
 +
| 6.3067(2)
 +
| 608.50(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler">{{citation | first1 = S. | last1 = Köhler | first2 = R. | last2 = Deißenberger | first3 = K. | last3 = Eberhardt | first4 = N. | last4 = Erdmann | first5 = G. | last5 = Herrmann | first6 = G. | last6 = Huber | first7 = J. V. | last7 = Kratz | first8 = M. | last8 = Nunnemann | first9 = G. | last9 = Passler | first10 = P. M. | last10 = Rao | first11 = J. | last11 = Riegel | first12 = N. | last12 = Trautmann | first13 = K. | last13 = Wendt | title = Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy | journal = Spectrochim. Acta, Part B | volume = 52 | issue = 6 | year = 1997 | pages = 717–26 | doi = 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01670-9}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 91
 +
| [[Protactinium]]
 +
| ''5.89(12)''
 +
| ''568(12)''
 +
| <ref name="Sugar">{{citation | last = Sugar | first = Jack | title = Ionization energies of the neutral actinides | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | year = 1973 | volume = 59 | pages = 788–91 | doi = 10.1063/1.1680091}}. {{citation | last = Sugar | first = Jack | title = Revised ionization energies of the neutral actinides | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | year = 1974 | volume = 60 | page = 4103 | doi = 10.1063/1.1680874}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 92
 +
| [[Uranium]]
 +
| 6.19
 +
| 597
 +
| <ref>{{Kaye&Laby | contribution = Ionization potentials | chapter = 4.1.2 | accessdate = 2011-04-14 | url = http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/atomic_and_nuclear_physics/4_1/4_1_2.html}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 93
 +
| [[Neptunium]]
 +
| 6.2655(2)
 +
| 604.53(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 94
 +
| [[Plutonium]]
 +
| 6.0258(2)
 +
| 581.40(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 95
 +
| [[Americium]]
 +
| 5.9738(2)
 +
| 576.38(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler"/><ref name="Deissenberger">{{citation | first1 = Rüdiger | last1 = Deissenberger | first2 = Stefan | last2 = Köhler | first3 = Friedhelm | last3 = Ames | first4 = Klaus | last4 = Eberhardt | first5 = Nicole | last5 = Erdmann | first6 = Heike | last6 = Funk | first7 = Günter | last7 = Herrmann | first8 = Heinz-Jürgen | last8 = Kluge | first9 = Martin | last9 = Nunnemann | first10 = Gerd | last10 = Passler | first11 = Joachim | last11 = Riegel | first12 = Franz | last12 = Scheerer | first13 = Norbert | last13 = Trautmann | first14 = Franz-Josef | last14 = Urban | title = First Determination of the Ionization Potential of Americium and Curium | journal = Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. | volume = 34 | issue = 7 | pages = 814–15 | year = 1995 | doi = 10.1002/anie.199508141}}.</ref><ref name="Erdmann">{{citation | first1 = N. | last1 = Erdmann | first2 = M. | last2 = Nunnemann | first3 = K. | last3 = Eberhardt | first4 = G. | last4 = Herrmann | first5 = G. | last5 = Huber | first6 = S. | last6 = Köhler | first7 = J. V. | last7 = Kratz | first8 = G. | last8 = Passler | first9 = J. R. | last9 = Peterson | first10 = N. | last10 = Trautmann | first11 = A. | last11 = Waldek | title = Determination of the first ionization potential of nine actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS) | journal = J. Alloys Compd. | volume = 271–273 | year = 1998 | pages = 837–40 | doi = 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00229-1}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 96
 +
| [[Curium]]
 +
| 5.9915(2)
 +
| 578.09(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler"/><ref name="Deissenberger"/><ref name="Erdmann"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 97
 +
| [[Berkelium]]
 +
| 6.1979(2)
 +
| 598.01(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler"/><ref name="Erdmann"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 98
 +
| [[Californium]]
 +
| 6.2817(2)
 +
| 606.09(2)
 +
| <ref name="Köhler"/><ref name="Erdmann"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 99
 +
| [[Einsteinium]]
 +
| 6.3676(5)
 +
| 614.38(5)
 +
| <ref name="Erdmann"/><ref>{{citation | first1 = J. R. | last1 = Peterson | first2 = N. | last2 = Erdmann | first3 = M. | last3 = Nunnemann | first4 = K. | last4 = Eberhardt | first5 = G. | last5 = Huber | first6 = J. V. | last6 = Kratz | first7 = G. | last7 = Passler | first8 = O. | last8 = Stetzer | first9 = P. | last9 = Thörle | first10 = N. | last10 = Trautmann | first11 = A. | last11 = Waldek | title = Determination of the first ionization potential of einsteinium by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS) |  journal = J. Alloys Compd. | volume = 271–273 | year = 1998 | pages = 876–78 | doi = 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00238-2}}.</ref>
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==Notes==
 +
{{reflist|group=note}}
  
 
==References==
 
==References==

Latest revision as of 13:19, 14 April 2011

Further information: Ionization energy

Data are taken from the wavenumber compilation of Moore (1970)[1] unless otherwise noted, and converted using the 2006 CODATA recommended values:[2][note 1]

1 cm−1 = 0.000 123 984 1875(31) eV = 0.011 903 713 931(12) kJ mol−1
Z Element Ionization energy Ref.
(eV) (kJ mol−1)
1 Hydrogen 13.598 432 44(36) 1305.584 631(12)
2 Helium 24.587 3985(14) 2360.634 56(12)
3 Lithium 5.391 718 96(64) 517.658 593(60)
4 Beryllium 9.322 6277(13) 895.064 89(12)
5 Boron 8.298 024(18) 800.6377(17) [3][4]
6 Carbon 11.260 296(12) 796.6930(12)
7 Nitrogen 14.534 096(12) 1395.4176(12)
8 Oxygen 13.618 0537(74) 1307.468 47(71)
9 Fluorine 17.422 816(50) 1672.7634(48)
10 Neon 21.564 539(7) 2080.6619(7) [1][5]
11 Sodium 5.137 9515(37) 493.295 10(36)
89 Actinium 5.3807(3) 159.16(3) [6]
90 Thorium 6.3067(2) 608.50(2) [7]
91 Protactinium 5.89(12) 568(12) [8]
92 Uranium 6.19 597 [9]
93 Neptunium 6.2655(2) 604.53(2) [7]
94 Plutonium 6.0258(2) 581.40(2) [7]
95 Americium 5.9738(2) 576.38(2) [7][10][11]
96 Curium 5.9915(2) 578.09(2) [7][10][11]
97 Berkelium 6.1979(2) 598.01(2) [7][11]
98 Californium 6.2817(2) 606.09(2) [7][11]
99 Einsteinium 6.3676(5) 614.38(5) [11][12]

Notes

  1. ↑ Moore used the conversion factor 1 cm−1 = 0.000 123 981 eV, which is 26 ppm lower than the current value. Moore's value in electronvolts are widely reprinted without correction.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  2. ↑ Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Newell, David B. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2008, 80 (2), 633–730. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633, <http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/codata.pdf>.
  3. ↑ Edlén, B.; Ölme, A.; Herzberg, G.; Johns, J. W. C. Ionization Potential of Boron, and the Isotopic and Fine Structure of 2s2p2 2D. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1970, 60 (7), 889–91. DOI: 10.1364/JOSA.60.000889.
  4. ↑ Brown, C. M.; Tilford, S. G.; Ginter, M. L. Absorption spectrum of B I in the 1350–1900-Å region. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1974, 64 (6), 877–79. DOI: 10.1364/JOSA.64.000877.
  5. ↑ Kaufman, Victor; Minnhagen, Lennart Accurate Ground-Term Combinations in Ne I. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1972, 62 (1), 92–95. DOI: 10.1364/JOSA.62.000092.
  6. ↑ Backe, H.; Dretzke, A.; Eberhardt, K.; Fritzsche, S.; Kube, G.; Gwinner, G.; Haire, R. G.; Huber, G., et al. First Determination of the Ionization Potential of Actinium and First Observation of Optical Transitions in Fermium. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2002, 86–89.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Köhler, S.; Deißenberger, R.; Eberhardt, K.; Erdmann, N.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Kratz, J. V.; Nunnemann, M., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1997, 52 (6), 717–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01670-9.
  8. ↑ Sugar, Jack Ionization energies of the neutral actinides. J. Chem. Phys. 1973, 59, 788–91. DOI: 10.1063/1.1680091. Sugar, Jack Revised ionization energies of the neutral actinides. J. Chem. Phys. 1974, 60, 4103. DOI: 10.1063/1.1680874.
  9. ↑ Ionization potentials. In Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, 16th ed., 1995; Chapter 4.1.2, <http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/atomic_and_nuclear_physics/4_1/4_1_2.html>. (accessed 14 April 2011).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Deissenberger, Rüdiger; Köhler, Stefan; Ames, Friedhelm; Eberhardt, Klaus; Erdmann, Nicole; Funk, Heike; Herrmann, Günter; Kluge, Heinz-Jürgen, et al. First Determination of the Ionization Potential of Americium and Curium. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34 (7), 814–15. DOI: 10.1002/anie.199508141.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Erdmann, N.; Nunnemann, M.; Eberhardt, K.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Köhler, S.; Kratz, J. V.; Passler, G., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of nine actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS). J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271–273, 837–40. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00229-1.
  12. ↑ Peterson, J. R.; Erdmann, N.; Nunnemann, M.; Eberhardt, K.; Huber, G.; Kratz, J. V.; Passler, G.; Stetzer, O., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of einsteinium by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS). J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271–273, 876–78. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00238-2.
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