Difference between revisions of "Data:Electric resistivities of the elements"

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Line 14: Line 14:
 
| [[Aluminium]] || 2.42 || +4.2 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Aluminium]] || 2.42 || +4.2 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Americium]] || 68.9 || || || colspan=3 | || *17
+
| [[Americium]] || 68.9<ref group="note" name="300K">Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 300&nbsp;K (27&nbsp;°C).</ref> || || || colspan=3 | || *17
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Antimony]] || 39 || +5.1 || || 35.6 || 42.6 || ||  
 
| [[Antimony]] || 39 || +5.1 || || 35.6 || 42.6 || ||  
Line 32: Line 32:
 
| [[Calcium]] || 3.11 || +3.7 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Calcium]] || 3.11 || +3.7 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Carbon]] || 6{{e|3}} || || || 5{{e|5}} || 500 || ||  
+
| [[Carbon]] || 6{{e|3}} || || || 5{{e|5}} || 500 || || <ref group="note">The bulk isotropic resistivity and conductivity is given for amorphous graphitic carbon; the anisotropic resistivities are given for pyrolytic graphite.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Cerium]] || 73 || +0.9 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Cerium]] || 73 || +0.9 || || colspan=3 | ||  
Line 48: Line 48:
 
| [[Europium]] || 89 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Europium]] || 89 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Francium]] || 34 || +7.2 || || colspan=3 | || *22
+
| [[Francium]] || 34<ref group="note" name="300K"/> || +7.2 || || colspan=3 | || *22
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Gadolinium]] || 126 || || || 122 || 135 || ||  
 
| [[Gadolinium]] || 126 || || || 122 || 135 || ||  
Line 54: Line 54:
 
| [[Gallium]] || 13.6 || || || 55.5 || 17.3 || 7.85 ||  
 
| [[Gallium]] || 13.6 || || || 55.5 || 17.3 || 7.85 ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Germanium]] || 4.7{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=434}}.</ref>
+
| [[Germanium]] || 4.7{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=434}}.</ref><ref group="note" name="semi">The resistivities and conductivities of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to sample purity.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Gold]] || 2.05 || +4.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Gold]] || 2.05 || +4.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
Line 86: Line 86:
 
| [[Neodymium]] || 63 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Neodymium]] || 63 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Neptunium]] || 119.3 || || || colspan=3 | || (100°C)
+
| [[Neptunium]] || 119.3<ref group="note" name="373K">Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 373&nbsp;K (100&nbsp;°C).</ref> || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Nickel]] || 6.16 || +6.8 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Nickel]] || 6.16 || +6.8 || || colspan=3 | ||  
Line 100: Line 100:
 
| [[Plutonium]] || 146 || < 0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Plutonium]] || 146 || < 0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Polonium]] || 40 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
+
| [[Polonium]] || 40<ref group="note">The temperature of macroscopic samples of polonium can only be approximately measured and controlled because of substantial radioactive self-heating.</ref> || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Potassium]] || 6.49 || +6.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Potassium]] || 6.49 || +6.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
Line 110: Line 110:
 
| [[Protactinium]] || 17.7 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Protactinium]] || 17.7 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Radium]] || 88 || +6.5 || || colspan=3 | || *20
+
| [[Radium]] || 88<ref group="note" name="300K"/> || +6.5 || || colspan=3 | || *20
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Rhenium]] || 17.2 || +4.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Rhenium]] || 17.2 || +4.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Samarium]] || 91.4 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Samarium]] || 91.4 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Selenium]] || 1{{e|7}} || || || colspan=3 | ||  
+
| [[Selenium]] || 1{{e|7}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref group="note" name="semi"/>
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Silicon]] || 4.8{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi"/>
+
| [[Silicon]] || 4.8{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi"/><ref group="note" name="semi"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Silver]] || 1.47 || +4.1 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Silver]] || 1.47 || +4.1 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Tantalum]] || 12.2 || +3.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Tantalum]] || 12.2 || +3.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Technetium]] || 22.6 || || || colspan=3 | || (100 °C)
+
| [[Technetium]] || 22.6<ref group="note" name="373K"/> || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Tellurium]] || 3{{e|5}} || || || 56{{e|3}} || 15.4{{e|3}} || ||  
+
| [[Tellurium]] || 3{{e|5}} || || || 56{{e|3}} || 15.4{{e|3}} || || <ref group="note" name="semi"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Terbium]] || 113 || || || 101 || 122 || ||  
 
| [[Terbium]] || 113 || || || 101 || 122 || ||  

Revision as of 07:52, 4 April 2011

Element ρ
10−8 Ω m
(1/ρ) dρ/dT
10−3 K−1
σ
108 S m−1
Components of ρ/10−8 Ω m parallel to Ref.
c a b
Aluminium 2.42 +4.2
Americium 68.9[note 1] *17
Antimony 39 +5.1 35.6 42.6
Arsenic 26 > 0
Barium 30.2 +5.0
Beryllium 3.02 +8.0 3.58 3.13
Bismuth 107 +4.6 138 109
Cadmium 6.8 +4.3 7.79 6.54
Caesium 18.8 +5.3
Calcium 3.11 +3.7
Carbon 6 × 103 5 × 105 500 [note 2]
Cerium 73 +0.9
Chromium 12.7 +5.9
Cobalt 5.6 +6.6
Copper 1.54 +4.3
Dysprosium 89 77.4 98.2
Erbium 81 47.0 87.6
Europium 89
Francium 34[note 1] +7.2 *22
Gadolinium 126 122 135
Gallium 13.6 55.5 17.3 7.85
Germanium 4.7 × 109 [1][note 3]
Gold 2.05 +4.0
Hafnium 30.4
Holmium 90 59.9 101.2
Indium 8.0 +5.2
Iridium 4.7 +4.5
Iron 8.57 +6.5
Lanthanum 54 +2.2
Lead 19.2 +4.2
Lithium 8.53 +4.0
Lutetium 54 34.0 75.6
Magnesium 4.05 +3.7 3.78 4.53
Manganese 143 +0.4
Mercury 94.1 +1.0 17.7 23.5
Molybdenum 4.85 +4.35
Neodymium 63
Neptunium 119.3[note 4]
Nickel 6.16 +6.8
Niobium 15.2 +2.6
Osmium 8.1 +4.1
Palladium 9.8 +4.2
Platinum 9.81 +3.9
Plutonium 146 < 0
Polonium 40[note 5]
Potassium 6.49 +6.0
Praseodymium 65
Promethium 50
Protactinium 17.7
Radium 88[note 1] +6.5 *20
Rhenium 17.2 +4.5
Rhodium 4.3 +4.4
Rubidium 11.5 +6.3
Ruthenium 7.1 +4.1
Samarium 91.4
Selenium 1 × 107 [note 3]
Silicon 4.8 × 109 [1][note 3]
Silver 1.47 +4.1
Sodium 4.33 +5.3
Strontium 12.3 +3.2
Tantalum 12.2 +3.5
Technetium 22.6[note 4]
Tellurium 3 × 105 56 × 103 15.4 × 103 [note 3]
Terbium 113 101 122
Thallium 15 +5.2
Thorium 14.7 +4.0
Thulium 67
Tin 11.5 13.1 10.0
Titanium 39 +4.6
Tungsten 4.82 +3.8
Uranium 28 +2.5
Vanadium 18.1 +3.9
Ytterbium 27.7
Yttrium 55
Zinc 5.48 +4.2 6.05 5.83
Zirconium 38.8 +4.4

Unless otherwise stated, resistivities are taken from Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants[2] while temperature coefficients ((1/ρ) dρ/dT) are taken from Smithells Metals Reference Book.[3]

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 300 K (27 °C).
  2. The bulk isotropic resistivity and conductivity is given for amorphous graphitic carbon; the anisotropic resistivities are given for pyrolytic graphite.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The resistivities and conductivities of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to sample purity.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 373 K (100 °C).
  5. The temperature of macroscopic samples of polonium can only be approximately measured and controlled because of substantial radioactive self-heating.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; p 434. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  2. Electrical resistivities. In Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, 16th ed., 1995; Chapter 2.6.1, <http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_1.html>. (accessed 4 April 2011).
  3. Smithells Metals Reference Book, 8th ed.; Gale, W. F.; Totemeier, T. C., Eds.; Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004; pp 19-1–19-2. ISBN 0750675098, <http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zweHvqOdcs0C&lpg=RA1-PA19&pg=RA1-PA19#v=onepage&f=false>.
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