Difference between revisions of "Data:Electric resistivities of the elements"
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| [[Aluminium]] || 2.42 || +4.2 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Aluminium]] || 2.42 || +4.2 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Americium]] || 68.9 || || || colspan=3 | || *17 | + | | [[Americium]] || 68.9<ref group="note" name="300K">Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 300 K (27 °C).</ref> || || || colspan=3 | || *17 |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Antimony]] || 39 || +5.1 || || 35.6 || 42.6 || || | | [[Antimony]] || 39 || +5.1 || || 35.6 || 42.6 || || | ||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| [[Calcium]] || 3.11 || +3.7 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Calcium]] || 3.11 || +3.7 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Carbon]] || 6{{e|3}} || || || 5{{e|5}} || 500 || || | + | | [[Carbon]] || 6{{e|3}} || || || 5{{e|5}} || 500 || || <ref group="note">The bulk isotropic resistivity and conductivity is given for amorphous graphitic carbon; the anisotropic resistivities are given for pyrolytic graphite.</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Cerium]] || 73 || +0.9 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Cerium]] || 73 || +0.9 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
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| [[Europium]] || 89 || || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Europium]] || 89 || || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Francium]] || 34 || +7.2 || || colspan=3 | || *22 | + | | [[Francium]] || 34<ref group="note" name="300K"/> || +7.2 || || colspan=3 | || *22 |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Gadolinium]] || 126 || || || 122 || 135 || || | | [[Gadolinium]] || 126 || || || 122 || 135 || || | ||
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| [[Gallium]] || 13.6 || || || 55.5 || 17.3 || 7.85 || | | [[Gallium]] || 13.6 || || || 55.5 || 17.3 || 7.85 || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Germanium]] || 4.7{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=434}}.</ref> | + | | [[Germanium]] || 4.7{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=434}}.</ref><ref group="note" name="semi">The resistivities and conductivities of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to sample purity.</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Gold]] || 2.05 || +4.0 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Gold]] || 2.05 || +4.0 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
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| [[Neodymium]] || 63 || || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Neodymium]] || 63 || || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Neptunium]] || 119.3 || || || colspan=3 | || | + | | [[Neptunium]] || 119.3<ref group="note" name="373K">Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 373 K (100 °C).</ref> || || || colspan=3 | || |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Nickel]] || 6.16 || +6.8 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Nickel]] || 6.16 || +6.8 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
| [[Plutonium]] || 146 || < 0 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Plutonium]] || 146 || < 0 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Polonium]] || 40 || || || colspan=3 | || | + | | [[Polonium]] || 40<ref group="note">The temperature of macroscopic samples of polonium can only be approximately measured and controlled because of substantial radioactive self-heating.</ref> || || || colspan=3 | || |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Potassium]] || 6.49 || +6.0 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Potassium]] || 6.49 || +6.0 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
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| [[Protactinium]] || 17.7 || || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Protactinium]] || 17.7 || || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Radium]] || 88 || +6.5 || || colspan=3 | || *20 | + | | [[Radium]] || 88<ref group="note" name="300K"/> || +6.5 || || colspan=3 | || *20 |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Rhenium]] || 17.2 || +4.5 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Rhenium]] || 17.2 || +4.5 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
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| [[Samarium]] || 91.4 || || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Samarium]] || 91.4 || || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Selenium]] || 1{{e|7}} || || || colspan=3 | || | + | | [[Selenium]] || 1{{e|7}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref group="note" name="semi"/> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Silicon]] || 4.8{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi"/> | + | | [[Silicon]] || 4.8{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi"/><ref group="note" name="semi"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Silver]] || 1.47 || +4.1 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Silver]] || 1.47 || +4.1 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
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| [[Tantalum]] || 12.2 || +3.5 || || colspan=3 | || | | [[Tantalum]] || 12.2 || +3.5 || || colspan=3 | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Technetium]] || 22.6 || || || colspan=3 | || | + | | [[Technetium]] || 22.6<ref group="note" name="373K"/> || || || colspan=3 | || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[Tellurium]] || 3{{e|5}} || || || 56{{e|3}} || 15.4{{e|3}} || || | + | | [[Tellurium]] || 3{{e|5}} || || || 56{{e|3}} || 15.4{{e|3}} || || <ref group="note" name="semi"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Terbium]] || 113 || || || 101 || 122 || || | | [[Terbium]] || 113 || || || 101 || 122 || || |
Revision as of 07:52, 4 April 2011
Element | ρ 10−8 Ω m |
(1/ρ) dρ/dT 10−3 K−1 |
σ 108 S m−1 |
Components of ρ/10−8 Ω m parallel to | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c | a | b | |||||
Aluminium | 2.42 | +4.2 | |||||
Americium | 68.9[note 1] | *17 | |||||
Antimony | 39 | +5.1 | 35.6 | 42.6 | |||
Arsenic | 26 | > 0 | |||||
Barium | 30.2 | +5.0 | |||||
Beryllium | 3.02 | +8.0 | 3.58 | 3.13 | |||
Bismuth | 107 | +4.6 | 138 | 109 | |||
Cadmium | 6.8 | +4.3 | 7.79 | 6.54 | |||
Caesium | 18.8 | +5.3 | |||||
Calcium | 3.11 | +3.7 | |||||
Carbon | 6 × 103 | 5 × 105 | 500 | [note 2] | |||
Cerium | 73 | +0.9 | |||||
Chromium | 12.7 | +5.9 | |||||
Cobalt | 5.6 | +6.6 | |||||
Copper | 1.54 | +4.3 | |||||
Dysprosium | 89 | 77.4 | 98.2 | ||||
Erbium | 81 | 47.0 | 87.6 | ||||
Europium | 89 | ||||||
Francium | 34[note 1] | +7.2 | *22 | ||||
Gadolinium | 126 | 122 | 135 | ||||
Gallium | 13.6 | 55.5 | 17.3 | 7.85 | |||
Germanium | 4.7 × 109 | [1][note 3] | |||||
Gold | 2.05 | +4.0 | |||||
Hafnium | 30.4 | ||||||
Holmium | 90 | 59.9 | 101.2 | ||||
Indium | 8.0 | +5.2 | |||||
Iridium | 4.7 | +4.5 | |||||
Iron | 8.57 | +6.5 | |||||
Lanthanum | 54 | +2.2 | |||||
Lead | 19.2 | +4.2 | |||||
Lithium | 8.53 | +4.0 | |||||
Lutetium | 54 | 34.0 | 75.6 | ||||
Magnesium | 4.05 | +3.7 | 3.78 | 4.53 | |||
Manganese | 143 | +0.4 | |||||
Mercury | 94.1 | +1.0 | 17.7 | 23.5 | |||
Molybdenum | 4.85 | +4.35 | |||||
Neodymium | 63 | ||||||
Neptunium | 119.3[note 4] | ||||||
Nickel | 6.16 | +6.8 | |||||
Niobium | 15.2 | +2.6 | |||||
Osmium | 8.1 | +4.1 | |||||
Palladium | 9.8 | +4.2 | |||||
Platinum | 9.81 | +3.9 | |||||
Plutonium | 146 | < 0 | |||||
Polonium | 40[note 5] | ||||||
Potassium | 6.49 | +6.0 | |||||
Praseodymium | 65 | ||||||
Promethium | 50 | ||||||
Protactinium | 17.7 | ||||||
Radium | 88[note 1] | +6.5 | *20 | ||||
Rhenium | 17.2 | +4.5 | |||||
Rhodium | 4.3 | +4.4 | |||||
Rubidium | 11.5 | +6.3 | |||||
Ruthenium | 7.1 | +4.1 | |||||
Samarium | 91.4 | ||||||
Selenium | 1 × 107 | [note 3] | |||||
Silicon | 4.8 × 109 | [1][note 3] | |||||
Silver | 1.47 | +4.1 | |||||
Sodium | 4.33 | +5.3 | |||||
Strontium | 12.3 | +3.2 | |||||
Tantalum | 12.2 | +3.5 | |||||
Technetium | 22.6[note 4] | ||||||
Tellurium | 3 × 105 | 56 × 103 | 15.4 × 103 | [note 3] | |||
Terbium | 113 | 101 | 122 | ||||
Thallium | 15 | +5.2 | |||||
Thorium | 14.7 | +4.0 | |||||
Thulium | 67 | ||||||
Tin | 11.5 | 13.1 | 10.0 | ||||
Titanium | 39 | +4.6 | |||||
Tungsten | 4.82 | +3.8 | |||||
Uranium | 28 | +2.5 | |||||
Vanadium | 18.1 | +3.9 | |||||
Ytterbium | 27.7 | ||||||
Yttrium | 55 | ||||||
Zinc | 5.48 | +4.2 | 6.05 | 5.83 | |||
Zirconium | 38.8 | +4.4 |
Unless otherwise stated, resistivities are taken from Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants[2] while temperature coefficients ((1/ρ) dρ/dT) are taken from Smithells Metals Reference Book.[3]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 300 K (27 °C).
- ↑ The bulk isotropic resistivity and conductivity is given for amorphous graphitic carbon; the anisotropic resistivities are given for pyrolytic graphite.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The resistivities and conductivities of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to sample purity.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 373 K (100 °C).
- ↑ The temperature of macroscopic samples of polonium can only be approximately measured and controlled because of substantial radioactive self-heating.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; p 434. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Electrical resistivities. In Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, 16th ed., 1995; Chapter 2.6.1, <http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_1.html>. (accessed 4 April 2011).
- ↑ Smithells Metals Reference Book, 8th ed.; Gale, W. F.; Totemeier, T. C., Eds.; Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004; pp 19-1–19-2. ISBN 0750675098, <http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zweHvqOdcs0C&lpg=RA1-PA19&pg=RA1-PA19#v=onepage&f=false>.
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