Difference between revisions of "Data:Electric resistivities of the elements"

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Line 14: Line 14:
 
| [[Aluminium]] || 2.42 || +4.2 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Aluminium]] || 2.42 || +4.2 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Americium]] || 68.9 || || || colspan=3 | || *17
+
| [[Americium]] || 68.9<ref group="note" name="300K">Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 300&nbsp;K (27&nbsp;°C).</ref> || || || colspan=3 | || *17
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Antimony]] || 39 || +5.1 || || 35.6 || 42.6 || ||  
 
| [[Antimony]] || 39 || +5.1 || || 35.6 || 42.6 || ||  
Line 32: Line 32:
 
| [[Calcium]] || 3.11 || +3.7 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Calcium]] || 3.11 || +3.7 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Carbon]] || 6{{e|3}} || || || 5{{e|5}} || 500 || ||  
+
| [[Carbon]] || 6{{e|3}} || || || 5{{e|5}} || 500 || || <ref group="note">The bulk isotropic resistivity and conductivity is given for amorphous graphitic carbon; the anisotropic resistivities are given for pyrolytic graphite.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Cerium]] || 73 || +0.9 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Cerium]] || 73 || +0.9 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Europium]] || 89 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Europium]] || 89 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Francium]] || 34 || +7.2 || || colspan=3 | || *22
+
| [[Francium]] || 34<ref group="note" name="300K"/> || +7.2 || || colspan=3 | || *22
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Gadolinium]] || 126 || || || 122 || 135 || ||  
 
| [[Gadolinium]] || 126 || || || 122 || 135 || ||  
Line 54: Line 54:
 
| [[Gallium]] || 13.6 || || || 55.5 || 17.3 || 7.85 ||  
 
| [[Gallium]] || 13.6 || || || 55.5 || 17.3 || 7.85 ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Germanium]] || 4.7{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=434}}.</ref>
+
| [[Germanium]] || 4.7{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=434}}.</ref><ref group="note" name="semi">The resistivities and conductivities of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to sample purity.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Gold]] || 2.05 || +4.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Gold]] || 2.05 || +4.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Neodymium]] || 63 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Neodymium]] || 63 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Neptunium]] || 119.3 || || || colspan=3 | || (100°C)
+
| [[Neptunium]] || 119.3<ref group="note" name="373K">Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 373&nbsp;K (100&nbsp;°C).</ref> || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Nickel]] || 6.16 || +6.8 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Nickel]] || 6.16 || +6.8 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Plutonium]] || 146 || < 0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Plutonium]] || 146 || < 0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Polonium]] || 40 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
+
| [[Polonium]] || 40<ref group="note">The temperature of macroscopic samples of polonium can only be approximately measured and controlled because of substantial radioactive self-heating.</ref> || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Potassium]] || 6.49 || +6.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Potassium]] || 6.49 || +6.0 || || colspan=3 | ||  
Line 110: Line 110:
 
| [[Protactinium]] || 17.7 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Protactinium]] || 17.7 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Radium]] || 88 || +6.5 || || colspan=3 | || *20
+
| [[Radium]] || 88<ref group="note" name="300K"/> || +6.5 || || colspan=3 | || *20
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Rhenium]] || 17.2 || +4.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Rhenium]] || 17.2 || +4.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Samarium]] || 91.4 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Samarium]] || 91.4 || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Selenium]] || 1{{e|7}} || || || colspan=3 | ||  
+
| [[Selenium]] || 1{{e|7}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref group="note" name="semi"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Silicon]] || 4.8{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi"/>
+
| [[Silicon]] || 4.8{{e|9}} || || || colspan=3 | || <ref name="GeSi"/><ref group="note" name="semi"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Silver]] || 1.47 || +4.1 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Silver]] || 1.47 || +4.1 || || colspan=3 | ||  
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| [[Tantalum]] || 12.2 || +3.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
| [[Tantalum]] || 12.2 || +3.5 || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Technetium]] || 22.6 || || || colspan=3 | || (100 °C)
+
| [[Technetium]] || 22.6<ref group="note" name="373K"/> || || || colspan=3 | ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Tellurium]] || 3{{e|5}} || || || 56{{e|3}} || 15.4{{e|3}} || ||  
+
| [[Tellurium]] || 3{{e|5}} || || || 56{{e|3}} || 15.4{{e|3}} || || <ref group="note" name="semi"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Terbium]] || 113 || || || 101 || 122 || ||  
 
| [[Terbium]] || 113 || || || 101 || 122 || ||  

Revision as of 06:52, 4 April 2011

Element ρ
10−8 Ω m 		(1/ρ) dρ/dT
10−3 K−1 		σ
108 S m−1 		Components of ρ/10−8 Ω m parallel to Ref.
c a b
Aluminium 2.42 +4.2
Americium 68.9[note 1] *17
Antimony 39 +5.1 35.6 42.6
Arsenic 26 > 0
Barium 30.2 +5.0
Beryllium 3.02 +8.0 3.58 3.13
Bismuth 107 +4.6 138 109
Cadmium 6.8 +4.3 7.79 6.54
Caesium 18.8 +5.3
Calcium 3.11 +3.7
Carbon 6 × 103 5 × 105 500 [note 2]
Cerium 73 +0.9
Chromium 12.7 +5.9
Cobalt 5.6 +6.6
Copper 1.54 +4.3
Dysprosium 89 77.4 98.2
Erbium 81 47.0 87.6
Europium 89
Francium 34[note 1] +7.2 *22
Gadolinium 126 122 135
Gallium 13.6 55.5 17.3 7.85
Germanium 4.7 × 109 [1][note 3]
Gold 2.05 +4.0
Hafnium 30.4
Holmium 90 59.9 101.2
Indium 8.0 +5.2
Iridium 4.7 +4.5
Iron 8.57 +6.5
Lanthanum 54 +2.2
Lead 19.2 +4.2
Lithium 8.53 +4.0
Lutetium 54 34.0 75.6
Magnesium 4.05 +3.7 3.78 4.53
Manganese 143 +0.4
Mercury 94.1 +1.0 17.7 23.5
Molybdenum 4.85 +4.35
Neodymium 63
Neptunium 119.3[note 4]
Nickel 6.16 +6.8
Niobium 15.2 +2.6
Osmium 8.1 +4.1
Palladium 9.8 +4.2
Platinum 9.81 +3.9
Plutonium 146 < 0
Polonium 40[note 5]
Potassium 6.49 +6.0
Praseodymium 65
Promethium 50
Protactinium 17.7
Radium 88[note 1] +6.5 *20
Rhenium 17.2 +4.5
Rhodium 4.3 +4.4
Rubidium 11.5 +6.3
Ruthenium 7.1 +4.1
Samarium 91.4
Selenium 1 × 107 [note 3]
Silicon 4.8 × 109 [1][note 3]
Silver 1.47 +4.1
Sodium 4.33 +5.3
Strontium 12.3 +3.2
Tantalum 12.2 +3.5
Technetium 22.6[note 4]
Tellurium 3 × 105 56 × 103 15.4 × 103 [note 3]
Terbium 113 101 122
Thallium 15 +5.2
Thorium 14.7 +4.0
Thulium 67
Tin 11.5 13.1 10.0
Titanium 39 +4.6
Tungsten 4.82 +3.8
Uranium 28 +2.5
Vanadium 18.1 +3.9
Ytterbium 27.7
Yttrium 55
Zinc 5.48 +4.2 6.05 5.83
Zirconium 38.8 +4.4

Unless otherwise stated, resistivities are taken from Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants[2] while temperature coefficients ((1/ρ) dρ/dT) are taken from Smithells Metals Reference Book.[3]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 300 K (27 °C).
  2. ↑ The bulk isotropic resistivity and conductivity is given for amorphous graphitic carbon; the anisotropic resistivities are given for pyrolytic graphite.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The resistivities and conductivities of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to sample purity.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Resistivity and conductivity quoted for 373 K (100 °C).
  5. ↑ The temperature of macroscopic samples of polonium can only be approximately measured and controlled because of substantial radioactive self-heating.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; p 434. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  2. ↑ Electrical resistivities. In Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, 16th ed., 1995; Chapter 2.6.1, <http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_1.html>. (accessed 4 April 2011).
  3. ↑ Smithells Metals Reference Book, 8th ed.; Gale, W. F.; Totemeier, T. C., Eds.; Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004; pp 19-1–19-2. ISBN 0750675098, <http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zweHvqOdcs0C&lpg=RA1-PA19&pg=RA1-PA19#v=onepage&f=false>.
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