Aluminium

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Al

Ga
Atomic properties
Atomic number 13
Standard atomic weight 26.981 5386(8)
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Physical properties[1][2]
Melting point 660.37 °C (933.52 K)
Boiling point 2467 °C (2740 K)
Density 2.699 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity 2.655 µΩ cm
Chemical properties[2][3]
Electronegativity 1.61 (Pauling)
Solubility in water reacts if finely divided
Ionization energies[4][5]
1st 5.985 760(2) eV
575.5220(2) kJ mol−1
2nd 18.828 29(6) eV
1816.654(6) kJ mol−1
3rd 28.447 640(25) eV
2744.7802(24) kJ mol−1
Electron affinity[6]
0.432 83(5) eV
41.762(5) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii[2][7][8]
Covalent radius 121 pm
Metallic radius 143 pm
Ionic radius 53 pm (Al3+, Td)
67.5 pm (Al3+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties[1][2][9]
Standard entropy 28.30(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization 330(4) kJ mol−1
Entropy change of atomization 136.25(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion 10.56 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization 290.8 kJ mol−1
Hazards[note 1][10]
GHS pictograms Water-react 2, Flam. Sol. 3
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H228, H261
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7429-90-5
EC number 231-072-3
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).

Aluminium (symbol: Al) is a chemical element in group 13 of the periodic table.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. GHS hazard classification given for stabilized aluminium powder.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Aluminium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Al>. (accessed 27 December 2010).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 243–95. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  3. Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  4. Eriksson, K. B. S.; Isberg, H. B. S. The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I. Ark. Fys. 1963, 23, 527.
  5. Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  6. Scheer, Michael; Bilodeau, René C.; Thøgersen, Jan; Haugen, Harold K. Threshold Photodetachment of Al: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure. Phys. Rev. A 1998, 57 (3), R1493–96. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493.
  7. Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  8. Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  9. Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
  10. Index no. 013-002-00-1 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 366.

External links

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