Difference between revisions of "Fluorine"

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{{Infobox element
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|name = fluorine
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|symbol = F
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|left = [[oxygen]]
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|right = [[neon]]
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|above = –
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|below = [[chlorine|Cl]]
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|atomic-number = 9
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|atomic-weight = 18.998 4032(5)
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|configuration = [He] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>5</sup>
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|phys-ref = &#32;(F<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="NIST-F2">{{NIST chemistry | name = Fluorine | id = 1S/F2/c1-2 | accessdate = 2010-09-22}}.</ref><ref name="AirLiquide">{{AirLiquide | name = Fluorine | id = 84 | accessdate = 2010-09-22}}.</ref>
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|melting-point = 55.2(3) K (−218.0 °C)
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|boiling-point = 85.2(3) K (−188.0 °C)
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|critical-point = 144.3 K, 52.15 bar
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|triple-point =
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|density = 1.59 kg m<sup>−3</sup> (1 atm, 15 °C)<br/>1.502 g cm<sup>−3</sup> (l, 85.2&nbsp;K)
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|chem-ref = <ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=920–1041}}.</ref>
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|electronegativity = 3.98 (Pauling)
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|solubility = reacts violently
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|IE-ref = <ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref>
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|IE1 = 17.422 816(50) eV,<br/>1672.7634(48) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|IE2 = 34.970 eV,<br/>3374.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|IE3 = 62.707 eV,<br/>650.3 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|IE4 = 87.138 eV,<br/>8407.5 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|IE5 = 114.240 eV,<br/>11 022.5 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|IE6 = 157.161 eV,<br/>15 163.7 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|IE7 = 185.182 eV,<br/>17 867.3 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|EA-ref = <ref name="G&E"/>
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|EA1 = 3.447 eV<br/>332.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|radius-ref = &#32;<ref>{{Cordero et al. (2008)}}.</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref><ref>{{Bondi (1964)}}.</ref>
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|covalent-radius = 57 pm
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|vdw-radius = 147 pm
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|ionic-radius = 119 pm (F<sup>−</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')
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|thermo-ref = &#32;(F<sub>2</sub>)<ref>{{CODATA thermo}}.</ref><ref name="AirLiquide"/><ref name="G&E"/>
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|entropy = 202.791(5) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|enthalpy-fusion = 0.51 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|enthalpy-vaporization = 6.54 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|enthalpy-atomization = 79.38(30) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|heat-capacity = 31 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
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|misc-ref =
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|CAS-number = 7782-41-4
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|EC-number = 231-954-8
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|StdInChIKey = PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 +
}}
 
'''Fluorine''' (symbol: '''F''') is a [[chemical element]], the lightest of the [[halogen]]s and the most [[Electronegativity|electronegative]] of the elements.
 
'''Fluorine''' (symbol: '''F''') is a [[chemical element]], the lightest of the [[halogen]]s and the most [[Electronegativity|electronegative]] of the elements.
  

Revision as of 10:15, 22 September 2010

oxygen ← fluorine → neon
–
↑
F
↓
Cl
Atomic properties
Atomic number 9
Standard atomic weight 18.998 4032(5)
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p5
Physical properties (F2)[1][2]
Melting point 55.2(3) K (−218.0 °C)
Boiling point 85.2(3) K (−188.0 °C)
Critical point 144.3 K, 52.15 bar
Density 1.59 kg m−3 (1 atm, 15 °C)
1.502 g cm−3 (l, 85.2 K)
Chemical properties[3][4]
Electronegativity 3.98 (Pauling)
Solubility in water reacts violently
Ionization energies[5]
1st 17.422 816(50) eV,
1672.7634(48) kJ mol−1
2nd 34.970 eV,
3374.1 kJ mol−1
3rd 62.707 eV,
650.3 kJ mol−1
4th 87.138 eV,
8407.5 kJ mol−1
5th 114.240 eV,
11 022.5 kJ mol−1
6th 157.161 eV,
15 163.7 kJ mol−1
7th 185.182 eV,
17 867.3 kJ mol−1
Electron affinity[4]
3.447 eV
332.6 kJ mol−1
Atomic radii [6][7][8]
Covalent radius 57 pm
Ionic radius 119 pm (F−, Oh)
Van der Waals radius 147 pm
Thermodynamic properties (F2)[9][2][4]
Standard entropy 202.791(5) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization 79.38(30) kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion 0.51 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization 6.54 kJ mol−1
Molar heat capacity (Cp) 31 J K−1 mol−1
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7782-41-4
EC number 231-954-8
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Fluorine (symbol: F) is a chemical element, the lightest of the halogens and the most electronegative of the elements.

Notes and references

Notes

References

  1. ↑ Fluorine. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/F2/c1-2>. (accessed 22 September 2010).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fluorine. In Gas Encyclopedia; Air Liquide, <http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=84>. (accessed 22 September 2010).
  3. ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 920–1041. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  5. ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  6. ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  7. ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  8. ↑ Bondi, A. van der Waals Volumes and Radii. J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68 (3), 441–51. DOI: 10.1021/j100785a001.
  9. ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.

External links

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