Difference between revisions of "Fermium"
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|atomic-number = 100 | |atomic-number = 100 | ||
|configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>12</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> | |configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>12</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> | ||
| − | |phys-ref = <ref name="H&G">{{citation | last1 = Haire | first1 = Richard G. | last2 = Gibson | first2 = John K. | year = 1989 | title = The enthalpy of sublimation and thermodynamic functions of fermium | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 91 | issue = 11 | pages = 7085–96 | doi = 10.1063/1.457326}}.</ref><ref group="Note" name="est">Many of the properties of fermium are only known through estimation and/or extrapolation. The melting point and metallic radius were estimated on the basis of the enthalpy change of atomization and comparison with divalent lanthanoids; the electronegativity was estimated on the basis of periodic trends; the ionic radius was estimated from the behaviour of Fm<sup>3+</sup> α-hydroxyisobutyrate (α-HIB) complexes on ion exchange | + | |phys-ref = <ref name="H&G">{{citation | last1 = Haire | first1 = Richard G. | last2 = Gibson | first2 = John K. | year = 1989 | title = The enthalpy of sublimation and thermodynamic functions of fermium | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 91 | issue = 11 | pages = 7085–96 | doi = 10.1063/1.457326}}.</ref><ref group="Note" name="est">Many of the properties of fermium are only known through estimation and/or extrapolation. The melting point and metallic radius were estimated on the basis of the enthalpy change of atomization and comparison with divalent lanthanoids; the electronegativity was estimated on the basis of periodic trends; the ionic radius was estimated from the behaviour of Fm<sup>3+</sup> [[α-hydroxyisobutyric acid|α-hydroxyisobutyrate]] (α-HIB) complexes on ion exchange columns, and agrees well with theoretical calculations. The electron configuration and thermodynamic properties are directly determined.</ref> |
|melting-point = 1125 K (850 °C) | |melting-point = 1125 K (850 °C) | ||
|density = | |density = | ||
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Fermium (symbol: Fm) is a synthetic chemical element and a member of the actinoid series. It is the heaviest element than can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities.
Contents
Discovery
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Many of the properties of fermium are only known through estimation and/or extrapolation. The melting point and metallic radius were estimated on the basis of the enthalpy change of atomization and comparison with divalent lanthanoids; the electronegativity was estimated on the basis of periodic trends; the ionic radius was estimated from the behaviour of Fm3+ α-hydroxyisobutyrate (α-HIB) complexes on ion exchange columns, and agrees well with theoretical calculations. The electron configuration and thermodynamic properties are directly determined.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Haire, Richard G.; Gibson, John K. The enthalpy of sublimation and thermodynamic functions of fermium. J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 91 (11), 7085–96. DOI: 10.1063/1.457326.
- ↑ David, F.; Samhoun, K.; Guillaumont, R.; Edelstein, N. Thermodynamic properties of 5f elements. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1978, 40 (1), 69–74. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(78)80309-1.
- ↑ Brüchle, W.; Schädel, M.; Scherer, U. W.; Kratz, J. V.; Gregorich, K. E.; Lee, D.; Nurmia, M.; Chasteler, R. M., et al. The hydration enthalpies of Md3+ and Lr3+. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1988, 146 (2), 267–76. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)80619-2.
Further reading
- Hulet, E. K. Chemistry of the Heaviest Actinides: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium. In Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry and Spectroscopy; Edelstein, Norman M., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C.; Chapter 12, pp 239–63. ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 131. ISBN 9780841205680. DOI: 10.1021/bk-1980-0131.ch012.
- Silva, Robert J. Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, 2006; Vol. 3, Chapter 13, pp 1621–51. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf>
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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