Difference between revisions of "Berkelium"
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|atomic-number = 97 | |atomic-number = 97 | ||
|configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>9</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> | |configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>9</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> | ||
| − | |phys-ref = | + | |phys-ref = <ref name="Peterson">Peterson et al., 1971</ref> |
|melting-point = 1259 K (986 °C) | |melting-point = 1259 K (986 °C) | ||
| − | |density = | + | |density = 14.78 g cm<sup>−3</sup> |
|chem-ref = <ref>{{Pauling3rd}}.</ref> | |chem-ref = <ref>{{Pauling3rd}}.</ref> | ||
|electronegativity = 1.3 (Pauling) | |electronegativity = 1.3 (Pauling) | ||
| − | |IE-ref = | + | |IE-ref = <ref name="Köhler">{{citation | first1 = S. | last1 = Köhler | first2 = R. | last2 = Deißenberger | first3 = K. | last3 = Eberhardt | first4 = N. | last4 = Erdmann | first5 = G. | last5 = Herrmann | first6 = G. | last6 = Huber | first7 = J. V. | last7 = Kratz | first8 = M. | last8 = Nunnemann | first9 = G. | last9 = Passler | first10 = P. M. | last10 = Rao | first11 = J. | last11 = Riegel | first12 = N. | last12 = Trautmann | first13 = K. | last13 = Wendt | title = Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy | journal = Spectrochim. Acta, Part B | volume = 52 | issue = 6 | year = 1997 | pages = 717–26 | doi = 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01670-9}}.</ref><ref name="Erdmann">{{citation | first1 = N. | last1 = Erdmann | first2 = M. | last2 = Nunnemann | first3 = K. | last3 = Eberhardt | first4 = G. | last4 = Herrmann | first5 = G. | last5 = Huber | first6 = S. | last6 = Köhler | first7 = J. V. | last7 = Kratz | first8 = G. | last8 = Passler | first9 = J. R. | last9 = Peterson | first10 = N. | last10 = Trautmann | first11 = A. | last11 = Waldek | title = Determination of the first ionization potential of nine actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS) | journal = J. Alloys Compd. | volume = 271–273 | year = 1998 | pages = 837–40 | doi = 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00229-1}}.</ref> |
| − | |IE1 = 6. | + | |IE1 = 6.1979(2) eV<br/>598.01(2) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| − | |radius-ref = | + | |radius-ref = <ref name="Peterson"/> |
| − | |metallic-radius = | + | |metallic-radius = 170 pm |
|ionic-radius = 110 pm (Bk<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')<br/>97 pm (Bk<sup>4+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') | |ionic-radius = 110 pm (Bk<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')<br/>97 pm (Bk<sup>4+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') | ||
| − | |thermo-ref = | + | |thermo-ref = <ref>Ward and Hill, 1976</ref><ref>Ward et al., 1982</ref> |
| − | | | + | |entropy = 76.2(13) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| − | | | + | |enthalpy-atomization = 310(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| + | |enthalpy-fusion = 7.92 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|misc-ref = | |misc-ref = | ||
|CAS-number = 7440-40-6 | |CAS-number = 7440-40-6 | ||
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Berkelium (symbol: Bk) is a synthetic chemical element and a member of the actinoid series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in 1949.
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Peterson et al., 1971
- ↑ Pauling, Linus The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd ed.; Ithaca, NY, 1960. ISBN 0-8014-0333-2.
- ↑ Köhler, S.; Deißenberger, R.; Eberhardt, K.; Erdmann, N.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Kratz, J. V.; Nunnemann, M., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1997, 52 (6), 717–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01670-9.
- ↑ Erdmann, N.; Nunnemann, M.; Eberhardt, K.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Köhler, S.; Kratz, J. V.; Passler, G., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of nine actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS). J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271–273, 837–40. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00229-1.
- ↑ Ward and Hill, 1976
- ↑ Ward et al., 1982
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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