Difference between revisions of "Beryllium"
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|atomic-number = 4 | |atomic-number = 4 | ||
|atomic-weight = 9.012 182(3) | |atomic-weight = 9.012 182(3) | ||
− | |configuration = | + | |configuration = [He] 2s<sup>2</sup> |
− | |phys-ref = <ref name="NIST">{{NIST chemistry | name = Beryllium | id = 1S/Be | accessdate = 2010-06-20}}.</ref> | + | |phys-ref = <ref name="NIST">{{NIST chemistry | name = Beryllium | id = 1S/Be | accessdate = 2010-06-20}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=117–54}}.</ref> |
|melting-point = 1278 °C (1551 K) | |melting-point = 1278 °C (1551 K) | ||
|boiling-point = 1317 °C (1590 K) | |boiling-point = 1317 °C (1590 K) | ||
− | |chem-ref = <ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref> | + | |density = 1.848 g cm<sup>−3</sup> (20 °C) |
+ | |resistivity = 4.46 µΩ cm | ||
+ | |chem-ref = <ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref> | ||
|electronegativity = 1.57 (Pauling) | |electronegativity = 1.57 (Pauling) | ||
+ | |solubility = insoluble, unreactive | ||
|IE-ref = <ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref> | |IE-ref = <ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref> | ||
− | |IE1 = 9.322 6277(13) | + | |IE1 = 9.322 6277(13) eV<br/>895.064 89(12) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
|IE2 = 18.211 eV<br/>1757.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |IE2 = 18.211 eV<br/>1757.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|IE3 = 153.893 eV<br/>14 848.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |IE3 = 153.893 eV<br/>14 848.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
− | |IE4 = 217.713 | + | |IE4 = 217.713 eV<br/>21 006.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
|IE-total = 399.139 eV<br/>38 511.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |IE-total = 399.139 eV<br/>38 511.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
− | |radius-ref = <ref>{{Cordero et al. (2008)}}.</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref> | + | |radius-ref = <ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{Cordero et al. (2008)}}.</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref> |
+ | |metallic-radius = 112 pm | ||
|covalent-radius = 96 pm | |covalent-radius = 96 pm | ||
|ionic-radius = 27 pm (Be<sup>2+</sup>, ''T<sub>d</sub>'') | |ionic-radius = 27 pm (Be<sup>2+</sup>, ''T<sub>d</sub>'') | ||
− | |thermo-ref = <ref name="NIST"/><ref>{{CODATA thermo}}.</ref> | + | |thermo-ref = <ref name="NIST"/><ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{CODATA thermo}}.</ref> |
|entropy = 9.50(8) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | |entropy = 9.50(8) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|enthalpy-atomization = 324(5) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |enthalpy-atomization = 324(5) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
− | |entropy-atomization = | + | |entropy-atomization = 126.78(8) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> |
|enthalpy-fusion = 15.51 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |enthalpy-fusion = 15.51 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
+ | |enthalpy-vaporization = 309 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|hazard-ref = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=004-001-00-7|page=340}}</ref> | |hazard-ref = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=004-001-00-7|page=340}}</ref> | ||
− | |pictograms = {{GHS06| | + | |pictograms = {{GHS06|Acute Tox. 2, Acute Tox. 3}}{{GHS08|Carc. 1B, STOT RE 1, STOT SE 3, Skin Sens. 1, Eye Irrit. 2, Skin Irrit. 2}} |
|signal-word = DANGER | |signal-word = DANGER | ||
|hazard-statements = {{H-phrases|350|330|301|372|319|335|315|317}} | |hazard-statements = {{H-phrases|350|330|301|372|319|335|315|317}} | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | {{reflist | + | {{reflist}} |
==External links== | ==External links== |
Latest revision as of 11:02, 27 December 2010
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Beryllium (symbol: Be) is a chemical element, the lightest of the alkaline earth metals.
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beryllium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Be>. (accessed 20 June 2010).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 117–54. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
- ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
- ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
- ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
- ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
- ↑ Index no. 004-001-00-7 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 340.
External links
See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
- WebElements
- Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds. In Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury, and Exposures in the Glass Manufacturing Industry; IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 58; International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon, France, 1993; pp 41–117. ISBN 92-832-1258-4, <http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol58/mono58-6.pdf>.
- International Chemical Safety Card 0226
- IPCS Environmental Health Criteria 106: Beryllium
- IPCS Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 32: Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
- IPCS Health and Safety Guide 044: Beryllium
- Entry for "Beryllium and compounds" on the Australian National Pollutant Inventory
- Beryllium and beryllium compounds, NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
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