Difference between revisions of "Beryllium"

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|atomic-number = 4
 
|atomic-number = 4
 
|atomic-weight = 9.012 182(3)
 
|atomic-weight = 9.012 182(3)
−
|configuration = 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup>
+
|configuration = [He] 2s<sup>2</sup>
 
|phys-ref = <ref name="NIST">{{NIST chemistry | name = Beryllium | id = 1S/Be | accessdate = 2010-06-20}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=117–54}}.</ref>
 
|phys-ref = <ref name="NIST">{{NIST chemistry | name = Beryllium | id = 1S/Be | accessdate = 2010-06-20}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=117–54}}.</ref>
 
|melting-point = 1278&nbsp;°C (1551&nbsp;K)
 
|melting-point = 1278&nbsp;°C (1551&nbsp;K)
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|solubility = insoluble, unreactive
 
|solubility = insoluble, unreactive
 
|IE-ref = <ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref>
 
|IE-ref = <ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref>
−
|IE1 = 9.322 6277(13) eV<br/>895.064 89(12) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
+
|IE1 = 9.322 6277(13) eV<br/>895.064 89(12) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE2 = 18.211 eV<br/>1757.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE2 = 18.211 eV<br/>1757.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE3 = 153.893 eV<br/>14 848.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE3 = 153.893 eV<br/>14 848.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|IE4 = 217.713 ev<br/>21 006.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
+
|IE4 = 217.713 eV<br/>21 006.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE-total = 399.139 eV<br/>38 511.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE-total = 399.139 eV<br/>38 511.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|radius-ref = <ref>{{Cordero et al. (2008)}}.</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref>
+
|radius-ref = <ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{Cordero et al. (2008)}}.</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref>
 +
|metallic-radius = 112 pm
 
|covalent-radius = 96 pm
 
|covalent-radius = 96 pm
 
|ionic-radius = 27 pm (Be<sup>2+</sup>, ''T<sub>d</sub>'')
 
|ionic-radius = 27 pm (Be<sup>2+</sup>, ''T<sub>d</sub>'')
−
|thermo-ref = <ref name="NIST"/><ref>{{CODATA thermo}}.</ref>
+
|thermo-ref = <ref name="NIST"/><ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{CODATA thermo}}.</ref>
 
|entropy = 9.50(8) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|entropy = 9.50(8) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|enthalpy-atomization = 324(5) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|enthalpy-atomization = 324(5) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|entropy-atomization = 136.275(3) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
+
|entropy-atomization = 126.78(8) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|enthalpy-fusion = 15.51 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|enthalpy-fusion = 15.51 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
|enthalpy-vaporization = 309 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|hazard-ref = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=004-001-00-7|page=340}}</ref>
 
|hazard-ref = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=004-001-00-7|page=340}}</ref>
−
|pictograms = {{GHS06|Acte Tox. 2, Acute Tox. 3}}{{GHS08|Carc. 1B, STOT RE 1, STOT SE 3, Skin Sens. 1, Eye Irrit. 2, Skin Irrit. 2}}
+
|pictograms = {{GHS06|Acute Tox. 2, Acute Tox. 3}}{{GHS08|Carc. 1B, STOT RE 1, STOT SE 3, Skin Sens. 1, Eye Irrit. 2, Skin Irrit. 2}}
 
|signal-word = DANGER
 
|signal-word = DANGER
 
|hazard-statements = {{H-phrases|350|330|301|372|319|335|315|317}}
 
|hazard-statements = {{H-phrases|350|330|301|372|319|335|315|317}}
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===References===
 
===References===
−
{{reflist|2}}
+
{{reflist}}
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

Latest revision as of 11:02, 27 December 2010

lithium ← beryllium → boron
—
↑
Be
↓
Mg
Atomic properties
Atomic number 4
Standard atomic weight 9.012 182(3)
Electron configuration [He] 2s2
Physical properties[1][2]
Melting point 1278 °C (1551 K)
Boiling point 1317 °C (1590 K)
Density 1.848 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity 4.46 µΩ cm
Chemical properties[2][3]
Electronegativity 1.57 (Pauling)
Solubility in water insoluble, unreactive
Ionization energies[4]
1st 9.322 6277(13) eV
895.064 89(12) kJ mol−1
2nd 18.211 eV
1757.1 kJ mol−1
3rd 153.893 eV
14 848.4 kJ mol−1
4th 217.713 eV
21 006.1 kJ mol−1
Total 399.139 eV
38 511.1 kJ mol−1
Atomic radii[2][5][6]
Covalent radius 96 pm
Metallic radius 112 pm
Ionic radius 27 pm (Be2+, Td)
Thermodynamic properties[1][2][7]
Standard entropy 9.50(8) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization 324(5) kJ mol−1
Entropy change of atomization 126.78(8) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion 15.51 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization 309 kJ mol−1
Hazards[8]
GHS pictograms Acute Tox. 2, Acute Tox. 3Carc. 1B, STOT RE 1, STOT SE 3, Skin Sens. 1, Eye Irrit. 2, Skin Irrit. 2
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H350, H330, H301, H372, H319, H335, H315, H317
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7440-41-7
EC number 231-150-7
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Beryllium (symbol: Be) is a chemical element, the lightest of the alkaline earth metals.

Notes and references

Notes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beryllium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Be>. (accessed 20 June 2010).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 117–54. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  3. ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  4. ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  5. ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  6. ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  7. ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
  8. ↑ Index no. 004-001-00-7 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 340.

External links

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