Difference between revisions of "Lawrencium"
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|atomic-number = 103 | |atomic-number = 103 | ||
| − | |configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>1</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup> | + | |configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>1</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>{{#tag:ref|The electron configuration of lawrencium is uncertain.<ref name="Silva">{{citation | last = Silva | first = Robert J. | contribution = Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium | title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements | editor1-first = Lester R. | editor1-last = Morss | editor2-first = Norman M. | editor2-last = Edelstein | editor3-first = Jean | editor3-last = Fuger | edition = 3rd | year = 2006 | volume = 3 | publisher = Springer | location = Dordrecht, the Netherlands | chapter = 13 | pages = 1621–51 | url = http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf | doi = 10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13}}.</ref>|group=note}} |
|CAS-number = 22537-19-5 | |CAS-number = 22537-19-5 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Lawrencium''' (symbol: '''Lr''') is a [[chemical element]], | + | '''Lawrencium''' (symbol: '''Lr'''){{#tag:ref|The symbol '''Lw''' was originally used for lawrencium, but this was changed to Lr by decision of IUPAC in 1963.|group=note}} is a synthetic [[chemical element]], the last of the [[actinoid]] series.{{#tag:ref|Some authors consider lawrencium to be a [[transition metal]] and a member of [[group 3]] of the [[periodic table]]. Whether or not this is the correct interpretation, Lr is (also) still an [[actinoid]], by definition.<ref name="RedBook">{{RedBook2005|pages=51–52}}.</ref>|group=note}} |
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| + | Lawrencium was first prepared in 1961 by the team of [[Albert Ghiorso|Ghiorso]] ''et al.'' at the [[Lawrence Radiation Laboratory]] (now the [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]) in Berkeley, California,<ref>{{citation | last1 = Ghiorso | first1 = Albert | authorlink1 = Albert Ghiorso | last2 = Sikkeland | first2 = Torbjørn | last3 = Larsh | first3 = Almon E. | last4 = Latimer | first4 = Robert M. | authorlink4 = Robert M. Latimer | year = 1961 | title = New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103 | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 473–75 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.473}}.</ref> and named (as is the laboratory) after [[Ernest Lawrence]], the developer of the [[cyclotron]]. As a [[transfermium element]], it cannot be prepared in weighable quantities: <sup>256</sup>Lr (''t''<sub>½</sub> = 26 s), the isotope used for the first definitive chemical studies, is prepared at a rate of about three atoms per minute by the {{Nuclide|A=249|Z=98}}({{Nuclide|A=11|Z=5}},4n){{Nuclide|Z=103|A=256}} reaction.<ref>{{citation | last1 = Hoffman | first1 = Darleane C. | last2 = Lee | first2 = Diana M. | last3 = Pershina | first3 = Valeria | contribution = Transactinide Elements and Future Elements | title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements | editor1-first = Lester R. | editor1-last = Morss | editor2-first = Norman M. | editor2-last = Edelstein | editor3-first = Jean | editor3-last = Fuger | edition = 3rd | year = 2006 | volume = 3 | publisher = Springer | location = Dordrecht, the Netherlands | chapter = 14 | pages = 1652–1753 | url = http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/transactinide.pdf | doi = 10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_14}}.</ref> | ||
==Notes and references== | ==Notes and references== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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| + | ===Further reading=== | ||
| + | *{{citation | last = Hulet | first = E. K. | contribution = Chemistry of the Heaviest Actinides: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium | title = Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry and Spectroscopy | editor1-first = Norman M. | editor1-last = Edelstein | chapter = 12 | pages = 239–63 | year = 1980 | doi = 10.1021/bk-1980-0131.ch012 | id = ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 131 | publisher = American Chemical Society | location = Washington, D.C. | isbn = 9780841205680}}. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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Lawrencium (symbol: Lr)[note 2] is a synthetic chemical element, the last of the actinoid series.[note 3]
Lawrencium was first prepared in 1961 by the team of Ghiorso et al. at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (now the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) in Berkeley, California,[3] and named (as is the laboratory) after Ernest Lawrence, the developer of the cyclotron. As a transfermium element, it cannot be prepared in weighable quantities: 256Lr (t½ = 26 s), the isotope used for the first definitive chemical studies, is prepared at a rate of about three atoms per minute by the 24998Cf(115B,4n)256103Lr reaction.[4]
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ The electron configuration of lawrencium is uncertain.[1]
- ↑ The symbol Lw was originally used for lawrencium, but this was changed to Lr by decision of IUPAC in 1963.
- ↑ Some authors consider lawrencium to be a transition metal and a member of group 3 of the periodic table. Whether or not this is the correct interpretation, Lr is (also) still an actinoid, by definition.[2]
References
- ↑ Silva, Robert J. Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 3, Chapter 13, pp 1621–51. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Fm%20to%20Lr.pdf>.
- ↑ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry; IUPAC Recommendations 2005; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2005; pp 51–52. ISBN 0-85404-438-8, <http://www.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf>.
- ↑ Ghiorso, Albert; Sikkeland, Torbjørn; Larsh, Almon E.; Latimer, Robert M. New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1961, 6 (9), 473–75. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.473.
- ↑ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria Transactinide Elements and Future Elements. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 3, Chapter 14, pp 1652–1753. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_14, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/transactinide.pdf>.
Further reading
- Hulet, E. K. Chemistry of the Heaviest Actinides: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium. In Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry and Spectroscopy; Edelstein, Norman M., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., 1980; Chapter 12, pp 239–63. ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 131. ISBN 9780841205680. DOI: 10.1021/bk-1980-0131.ch012.
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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