Difference between revisions of "Lithium"

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|melting-point = 179 °C (452 K)
 
|melting-point = 179 °C (452 K)
 
|boiling-point = 1317 °C (1590 K)
 
|boiling-point = 1317 °C (1590 K)
 +
|chem-ref = <ref>{{citation | first = A. L. | last = Allred | title = Electronegativity values from thermochemical data | journal = J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. | year = 1961 | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4 | page = 215–21 | doi = 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5}}.</ref>
 +
|electronegativity = 0.98 (Pauling)
 
|solubility = reacts violently
 
|solubility = reacts violently
 
|IE-ref = <ref>{{RubberBible62nd|page=E-65}}.</ref>
 
|IE-ref = <ref>{{RubberBible62nd|page=E-65}}.</ref>
Line 23: Line 25:
 
|entropy-atomization = 138.782(10) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|entropy-atomization = 138.782(10) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|enthalpy-fusion = 2.38 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|enthalpy-fusion = 2.38 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
|radius-ref = &#32;<ref>{{citation | first1 = Beatriz | last1 = Cordero | first2 = Verónica | last2 = Gómez | first3 = Ana E. | last3 = Platero-Prats | first4 = Marc | last4 = Revés | first5 = Jorge | last5 = Echeverría | first6 = Eduard | last6 = Cremades | first7 = Flavia | last7 = Barragán | first8 = Santiago | last8 = Alvarez | title = Covalent radii revisited | journal = Dalton Trans. | year = 2008 | issue = 5 | pages = 2832–38 | doi = 10.1039/b801115j}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last = Shannon | first = R. D. | title = Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides | journal = Acta Crystallogr. A | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 751–67 | year = 1976 | doi = 10.1107/S0567739476001551}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | first = A. | last = Bondi | title = van der Waals Volumes and Radii | journal = J. Phys. Chem. | year = 1964 | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 441–51 | doi = 10.1021/j100785a001}}.</ref>
 +
|covalent-radius = 128 pm
 +
|vdw-radius = 182 pm
 +
|ionic-radius = 73.0 pm (Li<sup>+</sup>, ''T<sub>d</sub>'')
 
|hazard-ref = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=003-001-00-4|page=340}}</ref>
 
|hazard-ref = <ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=003-001-00-4|page=340}}</ref>
 
|pictograms = {{GHS02|Water-react. 1}}{{GHS05|Skin Corr. 1B}}
 
|pictograms = {{GHS02|Water-react. 1}}{{GHS05|Skin Corr. 1B}}

Revision as of 06:38, 21 June 2010

helium ← lithium → beryllium
H
↑
Li
↓
Na
Atomic properties
Atomic number 3
Standard atomic weight 6.941(2)[note 1]
Electron configuration 1s2 2s1
Physical properties[1]
Melting point 179 °C (452 K)
Boiling point 1317 °C (1590 K)
Chemical properties[2]
Electronegativity 0.98 (Pauling)
Solubility in water reacts violently
Ionization energies[3]
1st 5.392 eV
520.25 kJ mol−1
2nd 75.638 eV
7298.0 kJ mol−1
3rd 122.451 eV
11 814.7 kJ mol−1
Total 203.481 eV
19 632.9 kJ mol−1
Atomic radii [4][5][6]
Covalent radius 128 pm
Ionic radius 73.0 pm (Li+, Td)
Van der Waals radius 182 pm
Thermodynamic properties[1][7]
Standard entropy 29.12(20) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization 159.3(10) kJ mol−1
Entropy change of atomization 138.782(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion 2.38 kJ mol−1
Hazards[8]
GHS pictograms Water-react. 1Skin Corr. 1B
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H260, H314 [note 2]
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7439-93-2
EC number 231-102-5
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Lithium (symbol: Li) is a chemical element, the lightest of the alkali metals.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ Commercially available lithium materials have atomic weights that range between 6.939 and 6.996; if a more accurate value is required, it must be determined for the specific material.
  2. ↑ Within the European Union, the following additional hazard statement (EUH014) must also be displayed on labelling: Reacts violently with water.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lithium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Li>. (accessed 20 June 2010).
  2. ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  3. ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62nd ed.; Weast, Robert C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1981; p E-65. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
  4. ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  5. ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  6. ↑ Bondi, A. van der Waals Volumes and Radii. J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68 (3), 441–51. DOI: 10.1021/j100785a001.
  7. ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
  8. ↑ Index no. 003-001-00-4 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 340.

External links

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