Difference between revisions of "Scandium"
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|boiling-point = 2748 °C (3021 K) | |boiling-point = 2748 °C (3021 K) | ||
|density = 3.0 g cm<sup>−3</sup> (20 °C) | |density = 3.0 g cm<sup>−3</sup> (20 °C) | ||
| + | |resistivity = 50–61 μΩ cm | ||
|chem-ref = <ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref> | |chem-ref = <ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref> | ||
|electronegativity = 1.36 (Pauling) | |electronegativity = 1.36 (Pauling) | ||
|solubility = reacts | |solubility = reacts | ||
| − | |IE-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = V. | last2 = Sugar | first2 = J. | title = Wavelengths and energy level classifications of scandium spectra for all stages of ionization | journal = J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data | year = 1988 | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 1679–1790 | doi = doi:10.1063/1.555815}}.</ref> | + | |IE-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = V. | last2 = Sugar | first2 = J. | title = Wavelengths and energy level classifications of scandium spectra for all stages of ionization | journal = J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data | year = 1988 | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 1679–1790 | doi = doi:10.1063/1.555815}}.</ref><ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref> |
|IE1 = 6.561 44(6) eV<br/>633.083(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |IE1 = 6.561 44(6) eV<br/>633.083(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| − | |IE2 = | + | |IE2 = 12.800 eV<br/>1235.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| − | |IE3 = | + | |IE3 = 24.76 eV<br/>2389 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
|EA-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Feigerle | first1 = C. S. | last2 = Herman | first2 = Z. | last3 = Lineberger | first3 = W. C. | title = Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc<sup>−</sup> and Y<sup>−</sup>: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions | journal = J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. | year = 1981 | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 441–50 | doi = 10.1016/0368-2048(81)85050-5}}.</ref> | |EA-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Feigerle | first1 = C. S. | last2 = Herman | first2 = Z. | last3 = Lineberger | first3 = W. C. | title = Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc<sup>−</sup> and Y<sup>−</sup>: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions | journal = J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. | year = 1981 | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 441–50 | doi = 10.1016/0368-2048(81)85050-5}}.</ref> | ||
|EA1 = 0.189(20) eV<br/>18.2(19) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |EA1 = 0.189(20) eV<br/>18.2(19) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| Line 25: | Line 26: | ||
|entropy = 34.6 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | |entropy = 34.6 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|enthalpy-vaporization = 332.71 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |enthalpy-vaporization = 332.71 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| + | |enthalpy-atomization = 376(20) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|entropy-atomization = | |entropy-atomization = | ||
|enthalpy-fusion = 15.77 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | |enthalpy-fusion = 15.77 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| − | |radius-ref = & | + | |radius-ref = <ref name="G&E"/><ref>{{Cordero et al. (2008)}}.</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref> |
| + | |metallic-radius = 162 pm | ||
|covalent-radius = 170 pm | |covalent-radius = 170 pm | ||
|ionic-radius = 88.5 pm (Sc<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') | |ionic-radius = 88.5 pm (Sc<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') | ||
Latest revision as of 19:32, 27 December 2010
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Scandium (symbol: Sc) is a chemical element, the lightest of the transition metals.
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 1102–10. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
- ↑ Kaufman, V.; Sugar, J. Wavelengths and energy level classifications of scandium spectra for all stages of ionization. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1988, 17 (4), 1679–1790. DOI: doi:10.1063/1.555815.
- ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
- ↑ Feigerle, C. S.; Herman, Z.; Lineberger, W. C. Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc− and Y−: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1981, 23 (3), 441–50. DOI: 10.1016/0368-2048(81)85050-5.
- ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
- ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
- ↑ Jolly, William L. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1991; p 589. ISBN 0-07-032768-8.
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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