Difference between revisions of "Aluminium"

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(Created page with "{{Infobox element |name = aluminium |symbol = Al |left = magnesium |right = silicon |above = B |below = Ga |atomic-number = 13 |atomic-weight = 26.9...")
 
 
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|IE-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Eriksson | first1 = K. B. S. | last2 = Isberg | first2 = H. B. S. | title = The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I | journal = Ark. Fys. | year = 1963 | volume = 23 | pages = 527}}.</ref><ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref>
 
|IE-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Eriksson | first1 = K. B. S. | last2 = Isberg | first2 = H. B. S. | title = The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I | journal = Ark. Fys. | year = 1963 | volume = 23 | pages = 527}}.</ref><ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref>
 
|IE1 = 5.985 760(2) eV<br/>575.5220(2) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE1 = 5.985 760(2) eV<br/>575.5220(2) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|IE2 = 18.823 eV<br/>1816.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
+
|IE2 = 18.828 29(6) eV<br/>1816.654(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|IE3 = 28.441 eV<br/>2744.1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
+
|IE3 = 28.447 640(25) eV<br/>2744.7802(24) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|EA-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Scheer | first1 = Michael | last2 = Bilodeau | first2 = René C. | last3 = Thøgersen | first3 = Jan | last4 = Haugen | first4 = Harold K. | title = Threshold Photodetachment of Al<sup>−</sup>: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure | journal = Phys. Rev. A | year = 1998 | volume = 57 | issue = 3 | pages = R1493–96 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493}}.</ref>
 
|EA-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Scheer | first1 = Michael | last2 = Bilodeau | first2 = René C. | last3 = Thøgersen | first3 = Jan | last4 = Haugen | first4 = Harold K. | title = Threshold Photodetachment of Al<sup>−</sup>: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure | journal = Phys. Rev. A | year = 1998 | volume = 57 | issue = 3 | pages = R1493–96 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493}}.</ref>
 
|EA1 = 0.432 83(5) eV<br/>41.762(5) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|EA1 = 0.432 83(5) eV<br/>41.762(5) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>

Latest revision as of 19:23, 27 December 2010

magnesium ← aluminium → silicon
B
↑
Al
↓
Ga
Atomic properties
Atomic number 13
Standard atomic weight 26.981 5386(8)
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Physical properties[1][2]
Melting point 660.37 °C (933.52 K)
Boiling point 2467 °C (2740 K)
Density 2.699 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity 2.655 µΩ cm
Chemical properties[2][3]
Electronegativity 1.61 (Pauling)
Solubility in water reacts if finely divided
Ionization energies[4][5]
1st 5.985 760(2) eV
575.5220(2) kJ mol−1
2nd 18.828 29(6) eV
1816.654(6) kJ mol−1
3rd 28.447 640(25) eV
2744.7802(24) kJ mol−1
Electron affinity[6]
0.432 83(5) eV
41.762(5) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii[2][7][8]
Covalent radius 121 pm
Metallic radius 143 pm
Ionic radius 53 pm (Al3+, Td)
67.5 pm (Al3+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties[1][2][9]
Standard entropy 28.30(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization 330(4) kJ mol−1
Entropy change of atomization 136.25(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion 10.56 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization 290.8 kJ mol−1
Hazards[note 1][10]
GHS pictograms Water-react 2, Flam. Sol. 3
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H228, H261
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7429-90-5
EC number 231-072-3
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Aluminium (symbol: Al) is a chemical element in group 13 of the periodic table.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ GHS hazard classification given for stabilized aluminium powder.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Aluminium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Al>. (accessed 27 December 2010).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 243–95. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  3. ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  4. ↑ Eriksson, K. B. S.; Isberg, H. B. S. The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I. Ark. Fys. 1963, 23, 527.
  5. ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  6. ↑ Scheer, Michael; Bilodeau, René C.; Thøgersen, Jan; Haugen, Harold K. Threshold Photodetachment of Al−: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure. Phys. Rev. A 1998, 57 (3), R1493–96. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493.
  7. ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  8. ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  9. ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
  10. ↑ Index no. 013-002-00-1 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 366.

External links

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