Difference between revisions of "Uranium"
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|chem-ref = <ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref> | |chem-ref = <ref>{{Allred (1961)}}.</ref> | ||
|electronegativity = 1.38 (Pauling) | |electronegativity = 1.38 (Pauling) | ||
| − | |IE-ref = | + | |IE-ref = <ref>{{Kaye&Laby | contribution = Ionization potentials | chapter = 4.1.2 | accessdate = 2011-04-14 | url = http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/atomic_and_nuclear_physics/4_1/4_1_2.html}}.</ref> |
| − | |IE1 = | + | |IE1 = 6.19 eV,<br/>597 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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|StdInChIkey = JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |StdInChIkey = JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
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| − | '''Uranium''' (symbol: '''U''') is a member of the [[actinoid]] series of [[ | + | '''Uranium''' (symbol: '''U''') is a [[chemical element]], a member of the [[actinoid]] series. Although all [[isotope]]s of uranium are [[Radioactivity|unstable]], three have sufficiently long [[Half-life|half-lives]] that a substantial amount of primordial uranium has survived since the formation of the Solar System. The natural material is only very slightly radioactive, and uranium and its compounds have a number of commercial uses, although some precautions must be taken over its decay products. |
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| + | Uranium was identified as a new element in 1789 by [[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]], and named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered by William Herschel in 1781. Its chemistry resembles that of [[molybdenum]] and [[tungsten]], with a preponderance of the +4 and +6 [[oxidation state]]s, and [[periodic table]]s from before the Second World War often placed uranium as a [[transition metal]]. | ||
==Notes and references== | ==Notes and references== | ||
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Uranium (symbol: U) is a chemical element, a member of the actinoid series. Although all isotopes of uranium are unstable, three have sufficiently long half-lives that a substantial amount of primordial uranium has survived since the formation of the Solar System. The natural material is only very slightly radioactive, and uranium and its compounds have a number of commercial uses, although some precautions must be taken over its decay products.
Uranium was identified as a new element in 1789 by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, and named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered by William Herschel in 1781. Its chemistry resembles that of molybdenum and tungsten, with a preponderance of the +4 and +6 oxidation states, and periodic tables from before the Second World War often placed uranium as a transition metal.
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 1450–86. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ↑ Electrical resistivities. In Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, 16th ed., 1995; Chapter 2.6.1, <http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_6/2_6_1.html>. (accessed 4 April 2011).
- ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
- ↑ Ionization potentials. In Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, 16th ed., 1995; Chapter 4.1.2, <http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/atomic_and_nuclear_physics/4_1/4_1_2.html>. (accessed 14 April 2011).
- ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
- ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
- ↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
- ↑ Index no. 092-001-00-8 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 446.
Further reading
- Grenthe, Ingmar; Drożdżyński, Janusz; Fujino, Takeo; Buck, Edgar C.; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.; Wolf, Stephen F. Uranium. In The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd ed.; Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean, Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2006; Vol. 1, Chapter 5, pp 253–698. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_5, <http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/uranium.pdf>.
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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