Difference between revisions of "Berkelium"

Atomic properties
Atomic number	97
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f9 7s2
Physical properties
Melting point	1272(22) K (999(22) °C)
Boiling point	2900(50) K (2625(50) °C)
Density	14.78 g cm−3
Chemical properties
Electronegativity	1.3 (Pauling)
Ionization energy
	6.1979(2) eV; 598.01(2) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii
Metallic radius	170 pm
Ionic radius	110 pm (Bk3+, Oh); 97 pm (Bk4+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties
Standard entropy	76.2(13) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization	310(6) kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion	7.92 kJ mol−1
Miscellaneous
CAS number	7440-40-6
	Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Revision as of 06:04, 26 September 2010

curium ← berkelium → californium

Tb
↑
Bk
↓
–

Berkelium (symbol: Bk) is a synthetic chemical element and a member of the actinoid series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in 1949.

↑ The melting point quoted here is the weighted mean of the values found by Fahey et al. (1972)^[1] and Ward et al. (1982).^[2]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Fahey et al., 1972
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ward et al., 1982
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Peterson et al., 1971
↑ Pauling, Linus The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd ed.; Ithaca, NY, 1960. ISBN 0-8014-0333-2.
↑ Köhler, S.; Deißenberger, R.; Eberhardt, K.; Erdmann, N.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Kratz, J. V.; Nunnemann, M., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1997, 52 (6), 717–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01670-9.
↑ Erdmann, N.; Nunnemann, M.; Eberhardt, K.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Köhler, S.; Kratz, J. V.; Passler, G., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of nine actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS). J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271–273, 837–40. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00229-1.
↑ Ward and Hill, 1976

See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |atomic-number = 97
 |configuration = [Rn] 5f<sup>9</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>
-|phys-ref = <ref name="Peterson">Peterson et al., 1971</ref>
+|phys-ref = <ref name="Fahey">Fahey et al., 1972</ref><ref name="Ward">Ward et al., 1982</ref><ref name="Peterson">Peterson et al., 1971</ref>
-|melting-point = 1259 K (986 °C)
+|melting-point = 1272(22) K (999(22) °C){{#tag:ref|The melting point quoted here is the weighted mean of the values found by Fahey ''et&nbsp;al.'' (1972)<ref name="Fahey"/> and Ward ''et&nbsp;al.'' (1982).<ref name="Ward"/>|group=Note}}
+|boiling-point = 2900(50) K (2625(50) °C)
 |density = 14.78 g cm<sup>−3</sup>
 |chem-ref = <ref>{{Pauling3rd}}.</ref>
@@ Line 18: / Line 19: @@
 |metallic-radius = 170 pm
 |ionic-radius = 110 pm (Bk<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')<br/>97 pm (Bk<sup>4+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')
-|thermo-ref = <ref>Ward and Hill, 1976</ref><ref>Ward et al., 1982</ref>
+|thermo-ref = <ref name="Ward"/><ref>Ward and Hill, 1976</ref>
 |entropy = 76.2(13) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 |enthalpy-atomization = 310(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>