Difference between revisions of "Scandium"

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|electronegativity = 1.36 (Pauling)
 
|electronegativity = 1.36 (Pauling)
 
|solubility = reacts
 
|solubility = reacts
−
|IE-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = V. | last2 = Sugar | first2 = J. | title = Wavelengths and energy level classifications of scandium spectra for all stages of ionization | journal = J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data | year = 1988 | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 1679–1790 | doi = doi:10.1063/1.555815}}.</ref>
+
|IE-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = V. | last2 = Sugar | first2 = J. | title = Wavelengths and energy level classifications of scandium spectra for all stages of ionization | journal = J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data | year = 1988 | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 1679–1790 | doi = doi:10.1063/1.555815}}.</ref><ref>{{NSRDS-NBS 34}}.</ref>
 
|IE1 = 6.561 44(6) eV<br/>633.083(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|IE1 = 6.561 44(6) eV<br/>633.083(6) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|IE2 =  
+
|IE2 = 12.800 eV<br/>1235.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
−
|IE3 =  
+
|IE3 = 24.76 eV<br/>2389 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|EA-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Feigerle | first1 = C. S. | last2 = Herman | first2 = Z. | last3 = Lineberger | first3 = W. C. | title = Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc<sup>−</sup> and Y<sup>−</sup>: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions | journal = J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. | year = 1981 | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 441–50 | doi = 10.1016/0368-2048(81)85050-5}}.</ref>
 
|EA-ref = <ref>{{citation | last1 = Feigerle | first1 = C. S. | last2 = Herman | first2 = Z. | last3 = Lineberger | first3 = W. C. | title = Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc<sup>−</sup> and Y<sup>−</sup>: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions | journal = J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. | year = 1981 | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 441–50 | doi = 10.1016/0368-2048(81)85050-5}}.</ref>
 
|EA1 = 0.189(20) eV<br/>18.2(19) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 
|EA1 = 0.189(20) eV<br/>18.2(19) kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>

Latest revision as of 19:32, 27 December 2010

calcium ← scandium → titanium
—
↑
Sc
↓
Y
Atomic properties
Atomic number 21
Standard atomic weight 44.955 912(6)
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Physical properties[1]
Melting point 1539 °C (1812 K)
Boiling point 2748 °C (3021 K)
Density 3.0 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity 50–61 μΩ cm
Chemical properties[1][2]
Electronegativity 1.36 (Pauling)
Solubility in water reacts
Ionization energies[3][4]
1st 6.561 44(6) eV
633.083(6) kJ mol−1
2nd 12.800 eV
1235.0 kJ mol−1
3rd 24.76 eV
2389 kJ mol−1
Electron affinity[5]
0.189(20) eV
18.2(19) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii[1][6][7]
Covalent radius 170 pm
Metallic radius 162 pm
Ionic radius 88.5 pm (Sc3+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties[1][8]
Standard entropy 34.6 J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization 376(20) kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion 15.77 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization 332.71 kJ mol−1
Miscellaneous
CAS number 7440-20-2
EC number 231-129-2
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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Scandium (symbol: Sc) is a chemical element, the lightest of the transition metals.

Notes and references

Notes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 1102–10. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
  2. ↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
  3. ↑ Kaufman, V.; Sugar, J. Wavelengths and energy level classifications of scandium spectra for all stages of ionization. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1988, 17 (4), 1679–1790. DOI: doi:10.1063/1.555815.
  4. ↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
  5. ↑ Feigerle, C. S.; Herman, Z.; Lineberger, W. C. Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc− and Y−: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1981, 23 (3), 441–50. DOI: 10.1016/0368-2048(81)85050-5.
  6. ↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
  7. ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  8. ↑ Jolly, William L. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1991; p 589. ISBN 0-07-032768-8.

External links

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