Aluminium

Atomic properties
Atomic number	13
Standard atomic weight	26.981 5386(8)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Physical properties
Melting point	660.37 °C (933.52 K)
Boiling point	2467 °C (2740 K)
Density	2.699 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity	2.655 µΩ cm
Chemical properties
Electronegativity	1.61 (Pauling)
Solubility in water	reacts if finely divided
Ionization energies
1st	5.985 760(2) eV; 575.5220(2) kJ mol−1
2nd	18.823 eV; 1816.1 kJ mol−1
3rd	28.441 eV; 2744.1 kJ mol−1
Electron affinity
	0.432 83(5) eV; 41.762(5) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii
Covalent radius	121 pm
Metallic radius	143 pm
Ionic radius	53 pm (Al3+, Td); 67.5 pm (Al3+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties
Standard entropy	28.30(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of atomization	330(4) kJ mol−1
Entropy change of atomization	136.25(10) J K−1 mol−1
Enthalpy change of fusion	10.56 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization	290.8 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H228, H261
Miscellaneous
CAS number	7429-90-5
EC number	231-072-3
	Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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magnesium ← aluminium → silicon

B
↑
Al
↓
Ga

Aluminium (symbol: Al) is a chemical element in group 13 of the periodic table.

Notes and references

Notes

↑ GHS hazard classification given for stabilized aluminium powder.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Aluminium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Al>. (accessed 27 December 2010).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 243–95. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
↑ Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
↑ Eriksson, K. B. S.; Isberg, H. B. S. The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I. Ark. Fys. 1963, 23, 527.
↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
↑ Scheer, Michael; Bilodeau, René C.; Thøgersen, Jan; Haugen, Harold K. Threshold Photodetachment of Al⁻: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure. Phys. Rev. A 1998, 57 (3), R1493–96. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493.
↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
↑ Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.
↑ Index no. 013-002-00-1 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 366.

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[10] GHS hazard classification given for stabilized aluminium powder.

[NIST-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Aluminium. In NIST Chemistry WebBook; National Institute for Standards and Technology, <http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/Al>. (accessed 27 December 2010).

[G.26E-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 243–95. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.

[3] Allred, A. L. Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1961, 17 (3–4), 215–21. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.

[4] Eriksson, K. B. S.; Isberg, H. B. S. The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I. Ark. Fys. 1963, 23, 527.

[5] Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.

[6] Scheer, Michael; Bilodeau, René C.; Thøgersen, Jan; Haugen, Harold K. Threshold Photodetachment of Al⁻: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure. Phys. Rev. A 1998, 57 (3), R1493–96. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493.

[7] Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.

[8] Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.

[9] Cox, J. D.; Wagman, D. D.; Medvedev, V. A. CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics; Hemisphere: New York, 1989. ISBN 0891167587, <http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html>.

[11] Index no. 013-002-00-1 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 366.

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Aluminium

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