Thallium

Atomic properties
Atomic number	81
Standard atomic weight	204.3833(2)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Physical properties
Melting point	303.5 °C (576.7 K)
Boiling point	1457 °C (1730 K)
Density	11.85 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Electric resistivity	18 µΩ cm
Chemical properties
Electronegativity	1.62 (Pauling)
Solubility in water	insoluble, unreactive
Ionization energies
1st	6.108 292(12) eV; 589.3606(12) kJ mol−1
2nd	20.4283(6) eV; 1971.03(6) kJ mol−1
3rd	29.83 eV; 2878 kJ mol−1
Electron affinity
	0.377(13) eV; 36.4(13) kJ mol−1
Atomic radii
Covalent radius	145 pm
Metallic radius	170 pm
Ionic radius	164 pm (Tl+, Oh); 89 pm (Tl3+, Td); 102.5 pm (Tl3+, Oh)
Thermodynamic properties
Enthalpy change of fusion	4.31 kJ mol−1
Enthalpy change of vaporization	166.1 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H300, H330, H373, H413
Miscellaneous
CAS number	7440-28-0
EC number	231-138-1
	Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).
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mercury ← thallium → lead

In
↑
Tl
↓
Uut

Thallium (symbol: Tl) is a chemical element in group 13 of the periodic table.

Notes and references

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements; Pergamon: Oxford, 1984; pp 243–95. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
↑ Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra. Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.) 1970, 34, 1–22, <http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS34.pdf>.
↑ Carpenter, D. L.; Covington, A. M.; Thompson, J. S. Laser Photodetachment Electron Spectroscopy of Tl⁻. Phys. Rev. A 2000, 61 (4), 42501. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.042501.
↑ Cordero, Beatriz; Gómez, Verónica; Platero-Prats, Ana E.; Revés, Marc; Echeverría, Jorge; Cremades, Eduard; Barragán, Flavia; Alvarez, Santiago Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans. 2008 (5), 2832–38. DOI: 10.1039/b801115j.
↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
↑ Index no. 081-001-00-3 of Annex VI, Part 3, to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. OJEU L353, 31.12.2008, pp 1–1355 at p 443.

See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia.

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