Difference between revisions of "Berkelium"
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|radius-ref = <ref name="Peterson"/><ref>Shannon and Prewitt, 1969</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref> | |radius-ref = <ref name="Peterson"/><ref>Shannon and Prewitt, 1969</ref><ref>{{Shannon (1976)}}.</ref> | ||
|metallic-radius = 170 pm | |metallic-radius = 170 pm | ||
| − | |ionic-radius = 96 pm (Bk<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')<br/>83 pm (Bk<sup>4+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') | + | |ionic-radius = 96 pm (Bk<sup>3+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'')<ref group="Note" name="radius">The quoted atomic radii are based on the usual convention that ''r''(O<sup>2−</sub>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') = 140 pm; on the alternative convention of ''r''(F<sup>−</sub>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') = 119 pm, the value would be 110 pm for octahedral Bk<sup>3+</sup>.</ref><br/>83 pm (Bk<sup>4+</sup>, ''O<sub>h</sub>'') |
|thermo-ref = <ref name="Ward"/><ref>Ward and Hill, 1976</ref> | |thermo-ref = <ref name="Ward"/><ref>Ward and Hill, 1976</ref> | ||
|entropy = 76.2(13) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | |entropy = 76.2(13) J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
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Berkelium (symbol: Bk) is a synthetic chemical element and a member of the actinoid series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in 1949.
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ The melting point quoted here is the weighted mean of the values found by Fahey et al. (1972)[1] and Ward et al. (1982).[2]
- ↑ The quoted atomic radii are based on the usual convention that r(O2−, Oh) = 140 pm; on the alternative convention of r(F−, Oh) = 119 pm, the value would be 110 pm for octahedral Bk3+.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fahey et al., 1972
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ward et al., 1982
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Peterson et al., 1971
- ↑ Pauling, Linus The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd ed.; Ithaca, NY, 1960. ISBN 0-8014-0333-2.
- ↑ Köhler, S.; Deißenberger, R.; Eberhardt, K.; Erdmann, N.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Kratz, J. V.; Nunnemann, M., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1997, 52 (6), 717–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01670-9.
- ↑ Erdmann, N.; Nunnemann, M.; Eberhardt, K.; Herrmann, G.; Huber, G.; Köhler, S.; Kratz, J. V.; Passler, G., et al. Determination of the first ionization potential of nine actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS). J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271–273, 837–40. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00229-1.
- ↑ Shannon and Prewitt, 1969
- ↑ Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halids and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32 (5), 751–67. DOI: 10.1107/S0567739476001551.
- ↑ Ward and Hill, 1976
External links
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See also the corresponding article on Wikipedia. |
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