Difference between revisions of "Ununquadium"

From WikiChem
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 12: Line 12:
 
'''Ununquadium''' (symbol: '''Uuq''') is a [[chemical element]] in [[group 14]] of the [[periodic table]]. It has attracted interest because of the possibility that <sup>298</sup>Uuq might be at the centre of a (relative) "[[island of stability]]" among superheavy nuclides<ref>{{citation | journal = Nucl. Phys. A | volume = 131 | issue = 1 | year = 1969 | pages = 1–66 | doi = 10.1016/0375-9474(69)90809-4 | title = On the nuclear structure and stability of heavy and superheavy elements | first1 = Sven Gösta | last1 = Nilsson | first2 = Chin Fu | last2 = Tsang | first3 = Adam | last3 = Sobiczewski | first4 = Zdzislaw | last4 = Szymański | first5 = Slawomir | last5 = Wycech | first6 = Christer | last6 = Gustafson | first7 = Inger-Lena | last7 = Lamm | first8 = Peter | last8 = Möller | first9 = Björn | last9 = Nilsson}}.</ref> and because the chemical properties of ununquadium might resemble those of the [[noble gas]]es rather than other group&nbsp;14 elements.<ref>{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 63 | pages = 1032–33 | year = 1975 | doi = 10.1063/1.431398 | title = Are elements 112, 114, and 118 relatively inert gases? | first = Kenneth S. | last = Pitzer}}.</ref>
 
'''Ununquadium''' (symbol: '''Uuq''') is a [[chemical element]] in [[group 14]] of the [[periodic table]]. It has attracted interest because of the possibility that <sup>298</sup>Uuq might be at the centre of a (relative) "[[island of stability]]" among superheavy nuclides<ref>{{citation | journal = Nucl. Phys. A | volume = 131 | issue = 1 | year = 1969 | pages = 1–66 | doi = 10.1016/0375-9474(69)90809-4 | title = On the nuclear structure and stability of heavy and superheavy elements | first1 = Sven Gösta | last1 = Nilsson | first2 = Chin Fu | last2 = Tsang | first3 = Adam | last3 = Sobiczewski | first4 = Zdzislaw | last4 = Szymański | first5 = Slawomir | last5 = Wycech | first6 = Christer | last6 = Gustafson | first7 = Inger-Lena | last7 = Lamm | first8 = Peter | last8 = Möller | first9 = Björn | last9 = Nilsson}}.</ref> and because the chemical properties of ununquadium might resemble those of the [[noble gas]]es rather than other group&nbsp;14 elements.<ref>{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 63 | pages = 1032–33 | year = 1975 | doi = 10.1063/1.431398 | title = Are elements 112, 114, and 118 relatively inert gases? | first = Kenneth S. | last = Pitzer}}.</ref>
  
The preparation of ununquadium was claimed in 1999 by the team of Oganessian ''et al.'' at Dubna in Russia:<ref name="Og99">{{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | A. V. Yeremin, A. G. Popeko, S. L. Bogomolov, G. V. Buklanov, M. L. Chelnokov, V. I. Chepigin, B. N. Gikal, V. A. Gorshkov, G. G. Gulbekian, M. G. Itkis, A. P. Kabachenko, A. Yu. Lavrentev, O. N. Malyshev, J. Rohac, R. N. Sagaidak, S. Hofmann, S. Saro, G. Giardina, K. Morita | title = Synthesis of nuclei of the superheavy element 114 in reactions induced by <sup>48</sup>Ca | journal = Nature | volume = 400 | pages = 242–45 | year = 1999}}. {{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed | title = Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the <sup>48</sup>Ca&nbsp;+&nbsp;<sup>244</sup>Pu reaction | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 83 | pages = 3154–57 | year = 1999}}.</ref> these claims, and later results by the same team,<ref name="Og00">{{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov,
+
The preparation of ununquadium was claimed in 1999 by the team of Oganessian ''et al.'' at Dubna in Russia:<ref name="Og99">{{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | first2 = A. V. | last2 = Yeremin | first3 = A. G. | last3 = Popeko | first4 = S. L. | last4 = Bogomolov | first5 = G. V. | last5 = Buklanov | first6 = M. L. | last6 = Chelnokov | first7 = V. I. | last7 = Chepigin | first8 = B. N. | last8 = Gikal | first9 = V. A. | last9 = Gorshkov | G. G. Gulbekian, M. G. Itkis, A. P. Kabachenko, A. Yu. Lavrentev, O. N. Malyshev, J. Rohac, R. N. Sagaidak, S. Hofmann, S. Saro, G. Giardina, K. Morita | title = Synthesis of nuclei of the superheavy element 114 in reactions induced by <sup>48</sup>Ca | journal = Nature | volume = 400 | pages = 242–45 | year = 1999}}. {{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | first2 = V. K. | last2 = Utyonkov | first3 = Yu. V. | last3 = Lobanov | first4 = F. Sh. | last4 = Abdullin | first5 = A. N. | last5 = Polyakov | first6 = I. V. | last6 =  Shirokovsky | first7 = Yu. S. | last7 = Tsyganov | first8 = G. G. | last8 = Gulbekian | first9 = S. L. | last9 = Bogomolov | B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed | title = Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the <sup>48</sup>Ca&nbsp;+&nbsp;<sup>244</sup>Pu reaction | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume = 83 | pages = 3154–57 | year = 1999}}.</ref> these claims, and later results by the same team,<ref name="Og00">{{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | first2 = V. K. | last2 = Utyonkov | first3 = Yu. V. | last3 = Lobanov | first4 = F. Sh. | last4 = Abdullin | first5 = A. N. | last5 = Polyakov | first6 = I. V. | last6 = Shirokovsky | first7 = Yu. S. | last7 = Tsyganov | first8 = G. G. | last8 = Gulbekian | first9 = S. L. | last9 = Bogomolov | B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed | title = Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the <sup>48</sup>Ca&nbsp;+&nbsp;<sup>244</sup>Pu reaction | journal = Phys. Rev. C | volume = 62 | pages = 041604/1–041604/4 | year = 2000}}. {{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | first2 = V. K. | last2 = Utyonkov | first3 = Yu. V. | last3 = Lobanov | first4 = F. Sh. | last4 = Abdullin | first5 = A. N. | last5 = Polyakov | first6 = I. V. | last6 = Shirokovsky | first7 = Yu. S. | last7 = Tsyganov | first8 = G. G. | last8 = Gulbekian | first9 = S. L. | last9 = Bogomolov | B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed | title = Synthesis of heavy nuclei in <sup>48</sup>Ca&nbsp;+&nbsp;<sup>244</sup>Pu interactions | journal = Phys. Atom. Nucl. | volume = 63 | pages = 1679–87 | year = 2000}}.</ref> are under consideration by the [[IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party on Discovery of Elements]] (JWP).<ref name="JWP03">{{citation | first1 = P. J. | last1 = Karol | first2 = H. | last2 = Nakahara | first3 = B. W. | last3 = Petley | first4 = E. | last4 = Vogt | title = On the Claims for Discovery of Elements 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, and 118 (IUPAC Technical Report) | journal = Pure Appl. Chem. | year = 2003 | volume = 75 | issue = 10 | pages = 1601–11 | doi = 10.1351/pac200375101601}}.
I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N.
 
Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K.
 
Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed | title = Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the <sup>48</sup>Ca&nbsp;+&nbsp;<sup>244</sup>Pu reaction | journal = Phys. Rev. C | volume = 62 | pages = 041604/1–041604/4 | year = 2000}}. {{citation | first1 = Yu. Ts. | last1 = Oganessian | authorlink1 = Yuri Oganessian | V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov,
 
I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N.
 
Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K.
 
Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed | title = Synthesis of heavy nuclei in <sup>48</sup>Ca&nbsp;+&nbsp;<sup>244</sup>Pu interactions | journal = Phys. Atom. Nucl. | volume = 63 | pages = 1679–87 | year = 2000}}.</ref> are under consideration by the [[IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party on Discovery of Elements]] (JWP).<ref name="JWP03">{{citation | first1 = P. J. | last1 = Karol | first2 = H. | last2 = Nakahara | first3 = B. W. | last3 = Petley | first4 = E. | last4 = Vogt | title = On the Claims for Discovery of Elements 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, and 118 (IUPAC Technical Report) | journal = Pure Appl. Chem. | year = 2003 | volume = 75 | issue = 10 | pages = 1601–11 | doi = 10.1351/pac200375101601}}.
 
 
</ref><ref name="JWP09">{{citation | journal = Pure Appl. Chem. | year = 2009 | volume = 81 | issue = 7 | pages = 1331–43 | doi = 10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05 | title = Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report) | first1 = Robert C. | last1 = Barber | first2 = Heinz W. | last2 = Gäggeler | first3 = Paul J. | last3 = Karol | first4 = Hiromichi | last4 = Nakahara | first5 = Emanuele | last5 = Vardaci | first6 = Erich | last6 = Vogt}}.</ref>
 
</ref><ref name="JWP09">{{citation | journal = Pure Appl. Chem. | year = 2009 | volume = 81 | issue = 7 | pages = 1331–43 | doi = 10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05 | title = Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report) | first1 = Robert C. | last1 = Barber | first2 = Heinz W. | last2 = Gäggeler | first3 = Paul J. | last3 = Karol | first4 = Hiromichi | last4 = Nakahara | first5 = Emanuele | last5 = Vardaci | first6 = Erich | last6 = Vogt}}.</ref>
  
Line 28: Line 22:
 
*{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 114 | pages = 2977 | year = 2001 | doi = 10.1063/1.1342763 | title = Electronic structure of eka-lead (element 114) compared with lead | first1 = Arie | last1 = Landau | first2 = Ephraim | last2 = Eliav | first3 = Yasuyuki | last3 = Ishikawa | first4 = Uzi | last4 = Kaldor}}.
 
*{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 114 | pages = 2977 | year = 2001 | doi = 10.1063/1.1342763 | title = Electronic structure of eka-lead (element 114) compared with lead | first1 = Arie | last1 = Landau | first2 = Ephraim | last2 = Eliav | first3 = Yasuyuki | last3 = Ishikawa | first4 = Uzi | last4 = Kaldor}}.
 
*{{citation | title = Atomic and Molecular Properties of Elements 112, 114, and 118 | first = Clinton S. | last = Nash | journal = J. Phys. Chem. A | year = 2005 | volume = 109 | issue = 15 | pages = 3493–3500 | doi = 10.1021/jp050736o}}.
 
*{{citation | title = Atomic and Molecular Properties of Elements 112, 114, and 118 | first = Clinton S. | last = Nash | journal = J. Phys. Chem. A | year = 2005 | volume = 109 | issue = 15 | pages = 3493–3500 | doi = 10.1021/jp050736o}}.
*{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 127 | pages = 134310 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1063/1.2770712 | title = Intermetallic compounds of the heaviest elements and their homologs: The electronic structure and bonding of MM′, where M = Ge, Sn, Pb, and element 114, and M′ = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Sn, Pb, and element 114 | first1 = V. | last1 = Pershina | first2 = J. | last2 = Anton | first3 = B. | last3 = Fricke}}.
+
*{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 127 | pages = 134310 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1063/1.2770712 | title = Intermetallic compounds of the heaviest elements and their homologs: The electronic structure and bonding of MM′, where M&nbsp;= Ge, Sn, Pb, and element 114, and M′&nbsp;= Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Sn, Pb, and element 114 | first1 = V. | last1 = Pershina | first2 = J. | last2 = Anton | first3 = B. | last3 = Fricke}}.
 
*{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 131 | page = 084713 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1063/1.3212449 | title = Theoretical predictions of adsorption behavior of elements 112 and 114 and their homologs Hg and Pb | first1 = V. | last1 = Pershina | first2 = J. | last2 = Anton | first3 = T. | last3 = Jacob}}.
 
*{{citation | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 131 | page = 084713 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1063/1.3212449 | title = Theoretical predictions of adsorption behavior of elements 112 and 114 and their homologs Hg and Pb | first1 = V. | last1 = Pershina | first2 = J. | last2 = Anton | first3 = T. | last3 = Jacob}}.
  

Revision as of 12:02, 24 May 2010

ununtriumununquadiumununpentium
Pb

Uuq

Atomic properties
Atomic number 114
Electron configuration [Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2
Miscellaneous
CAS number 54085-16-4
Where appropriate, and unless otherwise stated, data are given for 100 kPa (1 bar) and 298.15 K (25 °C).

Ununquadium (symbol: Uuq) is a chemical element in group 14 of the periodic table. It has attracted interest because of the possibility that 298Uuq might be at the centre of a (relative) "island of stability" among superheavy nuclides[1] and because the chemical properties of ununquadium might resemble those of the noble gases rather than other group 14 elements.[2]

The preparation of ununquadium was claimed in 1999 by the team of Oganessian et al. at Dubna in Russia:[3] these claims, and later results by the same team,[4] are under consideration by the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party on Discovery of Elements (JWP).[5][6]

References

  1. Nilsson, Sven Gösta; Tsang, Chin Fu; Sobiczewski, Adam; Szymański, Zdzislaw; Wycech, Slawomir; Gustafson, Christer; Lamm, Inger-Lena; Möller, Peter, et al. On the nuclear structure and stability of heavy and superheavy elements. Nucl. Phys. A 1969, 131 (1), 1–66. DOI: 10.1016/0375-9474(69)90809-4.
  2. Pitzer, Kenneth S. Are elements 112, 114, and 118 relatively inert gases?. J. Chem. Phys. 1975, 63, 1032–33. DOI: 10.1063/1.431398.
  3. Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Yeremin, A. V.; Popeko, A. G.; Bogomolov, S. L.; Buklanov, G. V.; Chelnokov, M. L.; Chepigin, V. I.; Gikal, B. N., et al. Synthesis of nuclei of the superheavy element 114 in reactions induced by 48Ca. Nature 1999, 400, 242–45. Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Polyakov, A. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Gulbekian, G. G., et al. Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the 48Ca + 244Pu reaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 83, 3154–57.
  4. Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Polyakov, A. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Gulbekian, G. G., et al. Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the 48Ca + 244Pu reaction. Phys. Rev. C 2000, 62, 041604/1–041604/4. Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Polyakov, A. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Gulbekian, G. G., et al. Synthesis of heavy nuclei in 48Ca + 244Pu interactions. Phys. Atom. Nucl. 2000, 63, 1679–87.
  5. Karol, P. J.; Nakahara, H.; Petley, B. W.; Vogt, E. On the Claims for Discovery of Elements 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, and 118 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 2003, 75 (10), 1601–11. DOI: 10.1351/pac200375101601.
  6. Barber, Robert C.; Gäggeler, Heinz W.; Karol, Paul J.; Nakahara, Hiromichi; Vardaci, Emanuele; Vogt, Erich Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 2009, 81 (7), 1331–43. DOI: 10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05.

Further reading


External links

Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
This page is currently licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license and any later versions of that license.